砂

砂 U+7802, 砂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7802 ← 码 [U+7801] CJK Unified Ideographs 砃 → [U+7803]

Translingual

Han character

砂 (radical 112 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口火竹 (MRFH), four-corner 1962₀, composition ⿰石少)

1. sand
2. pebbles, gravel
3. gritty

References

• KangXi: page 827, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24046
• Dae Jaweon: page 1242, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2420, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7802

See also

• 沙

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		砂

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (沙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
硰	*ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl
娑	*saːl, *saːlʔ
挱	*saːl, *sraːl
挲	*saːl
桫	*saːl
渻	*saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ
沙	*sraːl, *sraːls
紗	*sraːl
砂	*sraːl
鯊	*sraːl
裟	*sraːl
桬	*sraːl
髿	*sraːl, *soːl
魦	*sraːl, *soːl
莎	*soːl
莏	*soːl

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shā (sha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâ
• Min Nan (POJ): sa / soa / see / se
• Wu (Wiktionary): so (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shā
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
    • Wade-Giles: sha¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂa̠⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: saa¹
    • Yale: sā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sa¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɑː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: sa´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sa¹
    • IPA: /sa²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa
    • Tâi-lô: sa
    • Phofsit Daibuun: saf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sa⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa
    • Tâi-lô: sua
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soaf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sua⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sua⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sua⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: see
    • Tâi-lô: see
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se
    • Tâi-lô: se
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sef
    • IPA (Taipei): /se⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴/

Note:

• sa - literary;
• soa/see/se - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: so (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /so⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʃˠa/▼

Rime
Character	砂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/ʃa/
Wang Li	/ʃa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*sraːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	砂
Reading #	1/1
No.	11027
Phonetic component	沙
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鯊
Old Chinese	/*sraːl/
Notes	俗沙字

Definitions

砂

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 朱砂 (zhūshā)

• 砂煲

• 飛砂／飞砂 (fēishā)

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Japanese

Kanji

砂

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: しゃ (sha)
• Kan’on: さ (sa)
• Kun: すな (suna), いさご (isago)

Compounds

• 砂金 (さきん) (sakin, “gold dust”)
• 砂漣 (されん) (saren, “sand ripple”)
• 砂漏 (さろう) (sarō, “hourglass”)
• 砂利 (じゃり) (jari, “gravel; child”), 砂利 (ざり) (zari, “gravel”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
砂
すな Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) すな [sùná] (Heiban - [0])
  • IPA^(key): [sɨᵝna̠]

Noun

砂 (hiragana すな, rōmaji suna)

1. sand

Derived terms

• 砂時計 (すなどけい) (sunadokei, “hourglass”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
砂
いさご Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) いさご [ìságó] (Heiban - [0])
  • IPA^(key): [isa̠ɡo̞]

Noun

砂 (hiragana いさご, rōmaji isago)

1. sand

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Korean

Hanja

砂 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

砂 (sa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Yonaguni

Kanji

砂 (hiragana ちな, romaji china)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 砂 (suna).

Noun

砂 (hiragana ちな, romaji china)

1. sand

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Yoron

Kanji

砂 (hiragana しな, romaji shina)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 砂 (suna).

Noun

砂 (hiragana しな, romaji shina)

1. sand