砂

砂 U+7802, 砂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7802 ← 码 [U+7801] CJK Unified Ideographs 砃 → [U+7803]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

砂 (radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口火竹 (MRFH), four-corner 1962₀, composition ⿰石少)

References

• KangXi: page 827, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24046
• Dae Jaweon: page 1242, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2420, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7802

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		砂

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (沙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
硰	*ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl
娑	*saːl, *saːlʔ
挱	*saːl, *sraːl
挲	*saːl
桫	*saːl
渻	*saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ
沙	*sraːl, *sraːls
紗	*sraːl
砂	*sraːl
鯊	*sraːl
裟	*sraːl
桬	*sraːl
髿	*sraːl, *soːl
魦	*sraːl, *soːl
莎	*soːl
莏	*soːl

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shā (sha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâ
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): soa / see / se / sa

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sua¹ / sa¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): so (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shā
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
    • Wade–Giles: sha1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sha
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: saa¹
    • Yale: sā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sa¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /säː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: sa´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sa¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sa²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa
    • Tâi-lô: sua
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soaf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: see
    • Tâi-lô: see
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se
    • Tâi-lô: se
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sef
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa
    • Tâi-lô: sa
    • Phofsit Daibuun: saf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sa⁴⁴/

Note:

• soa/see/se - vernacular;
• sa - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sua¹ / sa¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sua / sa
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sua³³/, /sa³³/

Note:

• sua1 - vernacular;
• sa1 - literary.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: so (T1)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /so⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʃˠa/

Rime
Character	砂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/ʃa/
Wang Li	/ʃa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sraːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	砂
Reading #	1/1
No.	11027
Phonetic component	沙
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鯊
Old Chinese	/*sraːl/
Notes	俗沙字

Definitions

砂

1. Alternative form of 沙 (shā, “sand”).
2. Alternative form of 沙 (shā, “extremely mushy and/or rough (as sand), texture of a watermelon of good quality”).

   砂糖  ―  shātáng  ―  granulated sugar

   硒砂瓜  ―  xīshāguā  ―  Selenium(-rich) Gourd

3. (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 砂拉越 (Shālāyuè, “Sarawak”).

Compounds

• 丹砂 (dānshā)
• 丹砂井
• 守宮砂／守宫砂
• 抱砂鍋／抱砂锅
• 揚砂走石／扬砂走石
• 搏砂煉汞／搏砂炼汞
• 摶砂弄汞／抟砂弄汞
• 摶砂煉汞／抟砂炼汞
• 朱砂 (zhūshā)
• 朱砂符
• 毒砂
• 海砂屋
• 漆砂硯／漆砂砚
• 炊砂作飯／炊砂作饭
• 環砂／环砂 (Huánshā)
• 白砂
• 白砂糖 (báishātáng)
• 矽砂
• 砂丘
• 砂仁 (shārén)
• 砂囊
• 砂土

• 砂岩 (shāyán)
• 砂島／砂岛
• 砂布
• 砂模
• 砂漿／砂浆 (shājiāng)
• 砂煲
• 砂眼
• 砂石 (shāshí)
• 砂石場／砂石场
• 砂石車／砂石车
• 砂磨
• 砂礫／砂砾
• 砂礫礦床／砂砾矿床
• 砂糖 (shātáng)
• 砂紙／砂纸 (shāzhǐ)
• 砂質／砂质
• 砂輪／砂轮 (shālún)
• 砂輪機／砂轮机
• 砂金 (shājīn)
• 砂鍋／砂锅 (shāguō)
• 硃砂／朱砂
• 硃砂痣／朱砂痣

• 硼砂 (péngshā)
• 磠砂／硵砂 (lǔshā)
• 磨砂玻璃
• 礦砂／矿砂
• 紫砂器
• 紫砂陶
• 縮砂蔤／缩砂蔤
• 翻砂
• 解玉砂
• 走石飛砂／走石飞砂
• 辰砂 (chénshā)
• 重砂
• 金剛砂／金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
• 鋼砂／钢砂
• 鐵砂／铁砂
• 風吹砂／风吹砂
• 風成砂岩／风成砂岩
• 飛砂／飞砂 (fēishā)
• 飛砂揚礫／飞砂扬砾
• 飛砂走石／飞砂走石 (fēi shā zǒu shí)
• 飛砂轉石／飞砂转石

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Japanese

Kanji

砂

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. sand

Readings

• Go-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)^{←しや (sya, historical)}
• Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
• Kun: すな (suna, 砂, Jōyō); いさご (isago, 砂)

Compounds

• 砂(さ)金(きん) (sakin, “gold dust”)
• 砂(さ)漣(れん) (saren, “sand ripple”)
• 砂(さ)漏(ろう) (sarō, “hourglass”)
• 砂(じゃ)利(り) (jari, “gravel; child”), 砂(ざ)利(り) (zari, “gravel”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
砂
すな Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) すな [sùná] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [sɨᵝna̠]

Noun

砂(すな) • (suna) 

1. sand

Derived terms

• 砂(すな)時(ど)計(けい) (sunadokei, “hourglass”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
砂
いさご Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) いさご [ìságó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [isa̠ɡo̞]

Noun

砂(いさご) • (isago) 

1. sand

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Korean

Hanja

砂 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

砂: Hán Nôm readings: sa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Yonaguni

Kanji

砂 (hiragana ちな, romaji china)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 砂 (suna).

Noun

砂 (hiragana ちな, romaji china)

1. sand

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Yoron

Kanji

砂 (hiragana しな, romaji shina)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 砂 (suna).

Noun

砂 (hiragana しな, romaji shina)

1. sand