結合

See also: 结合

Chinese

		knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit) knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind	to close; to gather; to join to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together
trad. (結合)		結	合
simp. (结合)		结	合

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiéhé

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): git³ hap⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiet-ha̍p / kiat-ha̍p

  (Hailu, HRS): gied hab^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giad⁵ hab⁶

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): geh⁶ hah⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiat-ha̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gag⁴ hah⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiéhé
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiéhé
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²-ho²
    • Yale: jyé-hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyeher
    • Palladius: цзехэ (czexɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 結合 / 结合 結核 / 结核

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: git³ hap⁶
    • Yale: git hahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: git⁸ hap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gid³ heb⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚³ hɐp̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet-ha̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: gied^ˋ hab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵ hab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚² hap̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat-ha̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: giad^ˋ hab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵ hab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚² hap̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gied hab^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kiet⁵⁻² hap²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giad⁵ hab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /kiat̚¹ hap̚⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: geh⁶ hah⁷ [Phonetic: geh⁷ hah⁷]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geh-ha̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ haʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: geh⁶ hah⁷ [Phonetic: geh⁷ hah⁷]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛʔ²⁻⁴ haʔ⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-ha̍p
    • Tâi-lô: kiat-ha̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiathap
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hap̚¹²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gag⁴ hah⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kak ha̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kak̚²⁻⁴ haʔ⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: ket hop

Rime
Character	結	合
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	合 (160)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	古屑切	侯閤切
Baxter	ket	hop
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ket̚/	/ɦʌp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ket̚/	/ɦəp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛt̚/	/ɣɒp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛt̚/	/ɦəp̚/
Li Rong	/ket̚/	/ɣᴀp̚/
Wang Li	/kiet̚/	/ɣɒp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiet̚/	/ɣăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git3	hap6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤi[t]  m-kˤop/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kiːd  ɡuːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	結	合
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jié	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ ket ›	‹ hop ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁi[t]/	/*m-kˁop/
English	tie (v.)	come together; bring together
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	結	合
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	5681	4970
Phonetic component	吉	合
Rime group	質	緝
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	結	合
Old Chinese	/*kiːd/	/*ɡuːb/

Verb

結合

1. to combine; to fuse; to link; to integrate

   把A和B結合起來／把A和B结合起来  ―  bǎ A hé B jiéhé qǐlái  ―  to combine A with B

2. to balance; to strike a balance; to keep in equilibrium

   勞逸結合／劳逸结合  ―  láoyì jiéhé  ―  to strike a balance between work and life

3. to be joined in wedlock

Synonyms

• (to combine):

edit

• 交融 (jiāoróng)
• 整合 (zhěnghé)
• 統整 / 统整 (tǒngzhěng)
• 聯繫 / 联系 (liánxì)
• 融合 (rónghé)
• 融會 / 融会 (rónghuì)
• 複合 / 复合 (fùhé)
• 連繫 / 连系 (liánxì)

• (to balance): 平衡 (pínghéng)
• (to be joined in wedlock):

edit

• 乞某 (“to take a wife”) (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 交姻 (American (–1980) Cantonese)
• 作對 / 作对 (zuòduì, “to pair off in marriage”)
• 匹偶 (pǐ'ǒu) (literary)
• 匹配 (pǐpèi)
• 娶 (of a man)
• 婚嫁 (hūnjià)
• 婚配 (hūnpèi)
• 嫁 (jià) (of a woman)
• 嫁娶 (jiàqǔ)
• 安家 (ānjiā) (figurative)
• 完婚 (wánhūn)
• 完成 (wánchéng) (literary)
• 成交 (chéngjiāo) (Shanghainese)
• 成婚 (chénghūn)
• 成家 (chéngjiā) (of a man)
• 成親 / 成亲 (chéngqīn)
• 桃夭 (táoyāo) (literary)
• 𤆬 (“to take a wife”) (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min)
• 𤆬人 (Hokkien)
• 𤆬新娘 (“to take a wife”) (Min Nan)
• 𤆬新婦 / 𤆬新妇 (“to take a wife”)
• 𤆬某 (“to take a wife”) (Min Nan)
• 結婚 / 结婚
• 聯結 / 联结 (liánjié)
• 討某 / 讨某 (“to take a wife”) (Puxian Min)
• 討老媽 / 讨老妈 (“to take a wife”) (Puxian Min)

Compounds

• 勞逸結合 / 劳逸结合 (láoyìjiéhé)

See also

• 接合 (jiēhé)
• 聯合／联合 (liánhé)

Noun

結合

1. combination; fusion; link; integration
2. union; marriage
3. GitHub (unofficial, through Cantonese Chinese)

   • 爲方便中國境内（含港澳臺及三沙群島）大衆媒體引用，類比臉書、推特、優管，本人將本網站音義合譯作「結合（網）」。 [MSC, trad.]
     为方便中国境内（含港澳台及三沙群岛）大众媒体引用，类比脸书、推特、优管，本人将本网站音义合译作「结合（网）」。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: https://github.com/Guest-615695028/Guest-615695028/blob/main/zh/README.md

     Wèi fāngbiàn Zhōngguó jìngnèi (hán Gǎng'àotái jí Sānshāqúndǎo) dàzhòngméitǐ yǐnyòng, lèibǐ Liǎnshū, Tuītè, Yōuguǎn, běnrén jiāng běn wǎngzhàn yīnyìhéyì zuò “Jiéhé (wǎng)”. [Pinyin]

     To convene the application of reference by Chinese (including Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Sansha Islands) media, we translate GitHub phonosemantically like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.

Derived terms

• 公民結合 / 公民结合 (gōngmín jiéhé)
• 民事結合 / 民事结合 (mínshì jiéhé)
• 結合能 / 结合能 (jiéhénéng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (結合):

• → Japanese: 結合(けつごう) (ketsugō)
• → Korean: 결합(結合) (gyeolhap)
• → Vietnamese: kết hợp (結合)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
結	合
けつ Grade: 4	ごう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けつごー [kètsúgóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞t͡sɨɡo̞ː]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 結合する

Plain	結合する	けつごー・する	[kètsúgóó sùrú]
Conjunctive	結合して	けつごー・して	[kètsúgóó shìté]
Perfective	結合した	けつごー・した	[kètsúgóó shìtá]
Negative	結合しない	けつごー・しない	[kètsúgóó shìnáí]
Negative perfective	結合しなかった	けつごー・しなかった	[kètsúgóó shìnáꜜkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional	結合すれば	けつごー・すれば	[kètsúgóó sùréꜜbà]
Past conditional	結合したら	けつごー・したら	[kètsúgóó shìtáꜜrà]
Imperative	結合しろ 結合せよ	けつごー・しろ けつごー・せよ	[kètsúgóó shìró] [kètsúgóó séꜜyò]
Volitional	結合しよう	けつごー・しよー	[kètsúgóó shìyóꜜò]
Desiderative	結合したい	けつごー・したい	[kètsúgóó shìtáí]
Formal	結合します	けつごー・します	[kètsúgóó shìmáꜜsù]
Formal negative	結合しません	けつごー・しません	[kètsúgóó shìmáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional	結合しましょう	けつごー・しましょー	[kètsúgóó shìmáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective	結合しました	けつごー・しました	[kètsúgóó shìmáꜜshìtà]
Continuative	結合し 結合しに	けつごー・し けつごー・しに	[kètsúgóó shì] [kètsúgóó shì ní]
Negative continuative	結合せず 結合せずに	けつごー・せず けつごー・せずに	[kètsúgóó séꜜzù] [kètsúgóó séꜜzù nì]
Passive	結合される	けつごー・される	[kètsúgóó sàrérú]
Causative	結合させる 結合さす	けつごー・させる けつごー・さす	[kètsúgóó sàsérú] [kètsúgóó sàsú]
Potential	結合できる	けつごー・できる	[kètsúgóó dèkíꜜrù]

Noun

結(けつ)合(ごう) • (ketsugō) 

1. combination; coupling; binding; bonding

Verb

結(けつ)合(ごう)する • (ketsugō suru) suru (stem 結(けつ)合(ごう)し (ketsugō shi), past 結(けつ)合(ごう)した (ketsugō shita))

1. combine, couple, unite

Conjugation

Conjugation of "結合する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	結合し	けつごうし	ketsugō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	結合し	けつごうし	ketsugō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	結合する	けつごうする	ketsugō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	結合する	けつごうする	ketsugō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	結合すれ	けつごうすれ	ketsugō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	結合せよ¹ 結合しろ²	けつごうせよ¹ けつごうしろ²	ketsugō seyo¹ ketsugō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	結合される	けつごうされる	ketsugō sareru
Causative	結合させる 結合さす	けつごうさせる けつごうさす	ketsugō saseru ketsugō sasu
Potential	結合できる	けつごうできる	ketsugō dekiru
Volitional	結合しよう	けつごうしよう	ketsugō shiyō
Negative	結合しない	けつごうしない	ketsugō shinai
Negative continuative	結合せず	けつごうせず	ketsugō sezu
Formal	結合します	けつごうします	ketsugō shimasu
Perfective	結合した	けつごうした	ketsugō shita
Conjunctive	結合して	けつごうして	ketsugō shite
Hypothetical conditional	結合すれば	けつごうすれば	ketsugō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “結合”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
結	合

Noun

結合 • (gyeolhap) (hangeul 결합)

1. hanja form^? of 결합 (“combination; fusion”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
結	合

Verb

結合

1. chữ Hán form of kết hợp (“to combine, to link up, to coordinate”)