腸

See also: 肠 and 膓

Translingual

Han character

腸 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月日一竹 (BAMH), four-corner 7622₇, composition ⿰月昜(GJK) or ⿰⺼昜(HTV))

Derived characters

• 𦼳, 𬛡

Related characters

• 膓 (unorthodox form)
• 肠 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 990, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29721
• Dae Jaweon: page 1442, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2095, character 9
• Unihan data for U+8178

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Chinese

trad.		腸
simp.		肠
alternative forms		膓／肠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (昜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湯	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ
踼	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
蝪	*l̥ʰaːŋ
薚	*l̥ʰaːŋ
簜	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ
盪	*l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
偒	*l̥ʰaːŋʔ
蕩	*l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
燙	*l̥ʰaːŋs
啺	*l'aːŋ
碭	*l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
婸	*l'aːŋʔ
愓	*l'aːŋʔ
璗	*l'aːŋʔ
崵	*l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ
逿	*l'aːŋs
暢	*l̥ʰaŋs
畼	*l̥ʰaŋs
腸	*l'aŋ
場	*l'aŋ
傷	*hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
殤	*hljaŋ
觴	*hljaŋ
慯	*hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
禓	*hljaŋ, *laŋ
塲	*hljaŋ
陽	*laŋ
楊	*laŋ
揚	*laŋ
瘍	*laŋ
煬	*laŋ, *laŋs
鍚	*laŋ
暘	*laŋ
颺	*laŋ, *laŋs
昜	*laŋ
輰	*laŋ
敭	*laŋ
鰑	*laŋ
諹	*laŋ, *laŋs
瑒	*laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ
鸉	*laŋ
餳	*ljaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aŋ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-yaŋ ~ m-yaŋ (“large intestine”), whence Helambu Tibetan ནང་ཇུལ (nang jul, “viscera; guts; entrails”) and Chepang योङ्‌क्‍लीः (yoŋ-kliʔ, “intestine”) (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is also cognate with Tibetan ལོང་ཀ (long ka, “intestines; entrails; guts”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cháng (chang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng⁴ / coeng^4-2
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhòng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cong²

• Northern Min (KCR): cō̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): diòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tn̂g / chhiâng / chhiân / tiông / tiâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): deng⁵ / ciang⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zan

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻang²
    • Yale: cháng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng
    • Palladius: чан (čan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: coeng⁴ / coeng^4-2
    • Yale: chèuhng / chéung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng⁴ / tsoeng^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng⁴ / cêng^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: congˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cong²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cō̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: tn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dngg
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiaang
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiân
    • Tâi-lô: tshiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chieen
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiông
    • Tâi-lô: tiông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dioong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâng
    • Tâi-lô: tiâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ¹³/

Note:

• tn̂g - vernacular (“intestine”);
• chhiâng - literary (“sausage”, may be considered vernacular);
• chhiân - common variant in Taiwan for “sausage”;
• tiông/tiâng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: deng⁵ / ciang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂ng / tshiâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɯŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• deng5 - vernacular;
• ciang5 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶zan
    • MiniDict: zan^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 腸
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔ̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰaŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰã̠¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡suə¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zã²³/
	Suzhou	/zã¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zɑŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑi³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɖ͡ʐɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/tʃʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰœŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰœŋ³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tiɔŋ³⁵/ /tŋ̍³⁵/ /t͡sʰiaŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/touŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tiɔŋ²¹/ /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/ /tɯŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/siaŋ³¹/ /ʔdo³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: drjang

Rime
Character	腸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直良切
Baxter	drjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ȡiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ȡĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'aŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	腸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjang ›
Old Chinese	/*lraŋ/
English	intestines
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腸
Reading #	1/1
No.	14579
Phonetic component	昜
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	長
Old Chinese	/*l'aŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 腸

1. (anatomy) intestine
2. (figurative) heart; emotions
3. sausage

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

腸

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
• Kun: はらわた (harawata, 腸); わた (wata, 腸)

Compounds

• 腸管(ちょうかん) (chōkan)
• 胃腸(いちょう) (ichō)
• 十二指腸(じゅうにしちょう) (jūnishichō)
• 小腸(しょうちょう) (shōchō)
• 大腸(だいちょう) (daichō)
• 断腸(だんちょう) (danchō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
腸
わた Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *wata.

Noun

腸(わた) • (wata) 

1. (anatomy) the intestines

Derived terms

• 腸(はらわた) (harawata)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
腸
はらわた Grade: 6
kun’yomi

• [parawata] → [ɸarawata] → [harawata]. Compound of 腹 (hara, “stomach”) +‎ 腸 (wata, “intestines”).

Noun

腸(はらわた) • (harawata) 

1. (anatomy) the large intestines
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:

     脯 趺武友 乾肉薄折之曰脯也 大小腸 波良汙多

   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō:

     大腸 中黄子云 大腸 音長 波良和太 [...] 爲傳送之府 [...] 膽者中正之官 脾胃者倉稟之官 大腸者傳道之官 小腸者受盛之官 [...]

2. (anatomy) intestines

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
腸
ちょう Grade: 6
on’yomi

/tyau/ → /tyoː/.

Noun

腸(ちょう) • (chō) ^{←ちやう (tyau)?}

1. (anatomy) the intestines; the bowels
   • 1993 December 15 [1990 March 25], Sasaki, Noriko, 動(どう)物(ぶつ)のお医(い)者(しゃ)さん (動(どう)物(ぶつ)のお医(い)者(しゃ)さん) [The Veterinarian], 36th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 19:

     年(とし)頃(ごろ)の女(じょ)性(せい)が自(じ)分(ぶん)の腸(ちょう)なんか見(み)ていていいのだろうか

     Toshigoro no josei ga jibun no chō nan ka miteite ii no darō ka

     Is it okay for a woman of marriageable age to stare at her own guts?

References

• Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
• Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja

腸 • (jang) (hangeul 장, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)

1. intestines

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 腸 (tràng, trường, trướng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.