-nut

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nut"

Finnish

Alternative forms

• -ut, -nnut

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-nut.

Suffix

-nut (front vowel harmony variant -nyt, linguistic notation -nUt)

1. Used to form past active participle forms of verbs.

   Sadat sukset tehneenä tiedän, mistä puhun.

   Having made one hundred pairs of skis I know what I'm talking about.

   Sen tehneenä henkilönä hänen pitäisi tietää.

   As the person who made it, s/he should know.

   1. Used to form past indicative connegative forms of verbs.

      En ole tehnyt mitään.

      I have done nothing.

Usage notes

• (past active participle): Some inflected forms have specific uses:
  • genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to someone having done an action according to that report or observation.

    Hänen sanotaan tehneen sen.

    They [singular] were said to have done it.

• When attached to consonant stems, the preceding consonant may either
  • if it is -l-, -r- or -s-, assimilate the -n-, as happens with verbs in the conjugation classes rohkaista (66), tulla (67), juosta (70) as well as the irregular verbs olla and seistä,
  • or, if it is -t-, it will instead be assimilated, resulting in an ending -nnut, as happens with verbs in the conjugation classes valita (69), vanheta (72), salata (73), katketa (74) and selvitä (75).
• An alternative analysis is that this ending has the variants -ut and -nnut, and which ending is used depends on the verb's conjugation. -nut is used with the verbs that end in a long (doubled) -a / -ä, diphthong or in -da / -dä, i.e. the verbs of the following conjugation classes:

• sanoa (52)
• muistaa (53)
• huutaa (54)
• soutaa (55)
• kaivaa (56)
• saartaa (57)
• laskea (58)
• tuntea (59)
• lähteä (60)
• sallia (61)
• voida (62)
• saada (63)
• juoda (64)
• käydä (65)
• tupakoida (68)
• nähdä (71)
• taitaa (76)
• kumajaa (77, see Category:Finnish kumajaa-type verbs)
• irregular: virkkaa

Declension

Inflection of -nut (Kotus type 47/kuollut, no gradation)
nominative		-nut	-neet
genitive		-neen	-neiden -neitten
partitive		-nutta	-neita
illative		-neeseen	-neisiin -neihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-nut	-neet
accusative	nom.	-nut	-neet
	gen.	-neen
genitive		-neen	-neiden -neitten
partitive		-nutta	-neita
inessive		-neessa	-neissa
elative		-neesta	-neista
illative		-neeseen	-neisiin -neihin
adessive		-neella	-neilla
ablative		-neelta	-neilta
allative		-neelle	-neille
essive		-neena	-neina
translative		-neeksi	-neiksi
abessive		-neetta	-neitta
instructive		—	-nein
comitative		—	-neine

Possessive forms of -nut (Kotus type 47/kuollut, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -neeni -neeni accusative nom. -neeni -neeni gen. -neeni genitive -neeni -neideni -neitteni partitive -nuttani -neitani inessive -neessani -neissani elative -neestani -neistani illative -neeseeni -neisiini -neihini adessive -neellani -neillani ablative -neeltani -neiltani allative -neelleni -neilleni essive -neenani -neinani translative -neekseni -neikseni abessive -neettani -neittani instructive — — comitative — -neineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -neesi -neesi accusative nom. -neesi -neesi gen. -neesi genitive -neesi -neidesi -neittesi partitive -nuttasi -neitasi inessive -neessasi -neissasi elative -neestasi -neistasi illative -neeseesi -neisiisi -neihisi adessive -neellasi -neillasi ablative -neeltasi -neiltasi allative -neellesi -neillesi essive -neenasi -neinasi translative -neeksesi -neiksesi abessive -neettasi -neittasi instructive — — comitative — -neinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -neemme -neemme accusative nom. -neemme -neemme gen. -neemme genitive -neemme -neidemme -neittemme partitive -nuttamme -neitamme inessive -neessamme -neissamme elative -neestamme -neistamme illative -neeseemme -neisiimme -neihimme adessive -neellamme -neillamme ablative -neeltamme -neiltamme allative -neellemme -neillemme essive -neenamme -neinamme translative -neeksemme -neiksemme abessive -neettamme -neittamme instructive — — comitative — -neinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -neenne -neenne accusative nom. -neenne -neenne gen. -neenne genitive -neenne -neidenne -neittenne partitive -nuttanne -neitanne inessive -neessanne -neissanne elative -neestanne -neistanne illative -neeseenne -neisiinne -neihinne adessive -neellanne -neillanne ablative -neeltanne -neiltanne allative -neellenne -neillenne essive -neenanne -neinanne translative -neeksenne -neiksenne abessive -neettanne -neittanne instructive — — comitative — -neinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -neensa -neensa accusative nom. -neensa -neensa gen. -neensa genitive -neensa -neidensa -neittensa partitive -nuttaan -nuttansa -neitaan -neitansa inessive -neessaan -neessansa -neissaan -neissansa elative -neestaan -neestansa -neistaan -neistansa illative -neeseensa -neisiinsa -neihinsa adessive -neellaan -neellansa -neillaan -neillansa ablative -neeltaan -neeltansa -neiltaan -neiltansa allative -neelleen -neellensa -neilleen -neillensa essive -neenaan -neenansa -neinaan -neinansa translative -neekseen -neeksensa -neikseen -neiksensa abessive -neettaan -neettansa -neittaan -neittansa instructive — — comitative — -neineen -neinensa

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-nut/, [-nud]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-nut/, [-nud̥]

Suffix

-nut (front vowel variant -nyt)

1. alternative form of -nt

Usage notes

• After the consonants -l, -r, -s the initial -n- of the suffix is assimilated:

  ‎ol- + ‎-nut → ‎ollut

  ‎pur- + ‎-nut → ‎purrut

Declension

Declension of -nut (type 14/olt, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	-nut	-nneet
genitive	-nneen	-nnein
partitive	-nutta	-nneita
illative	-nneesse	-nneisse
inessive	-nnees	-nneis
elative	-nneest	-nneist
allative	-nneelle	-nneille
adessive	-nneel	-nneil
ablative	-nneelt	-nneilt
translative	-nneeks	-nneiks
essive	-nneenna, -nneen	-nneinna, -nnein
exessive1)	-nneent	-nneint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.