柏

See also: 栢

Translingual

Han character

柏 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹日 (DHA), four-corner 4690₀, composition ⿰木白)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14617
• Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1185, character 3
• Unihan data for U+67CF

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		柏
alternative forms		栢

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
怕	*pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕	*pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕	*pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	*tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	*praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	*pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦	*mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	*praɡ, *preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ) – a kind of tree.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎi, bó, bò

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ, ㄅㄛˊ, ㄅㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baak³ / paak³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): peh / peeh / piak / pek

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; vernacular variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎi
    • Wade–Giles: pai³
    • Yale: bǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bae
    • Palladius: бай (baj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bò
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bò
    • Wade–Giles: po⁴
    • Yale: bwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boh
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Note: bó - Mainland standard in 柏林 (Bólín).

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: baak³ / paak³
    • Yale: baak / paak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸ / paak⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: bag³ / pag³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³/, /pʰaːk̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh
    • Tâi-lô: peh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peq
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /peʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /peʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peeh
    • Tâi-lô: peeh
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
    • Tâi-lô: piak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
    • Tâi-lô: pik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚³²/

Note:

• peh/peeh - vernacular;
• piak/pek - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: paek

Rime
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	博陌切
Baxter	paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ pæk ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁrak/
English	cypress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
No.	197
Phonetic component	白
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伯
Old Chinese	/*praːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 柏

1. cypress
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 伯 (bó).
3. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 迫 (pò).
4. an ancient county in modern Henan
5. a surname

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 柏 – see 檗 (“柏 type of herb used in traditional Chinese medicine; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 檗).

References

• “柏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

柏

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. oak
2. (rare) Japanese nutmeg yew, kaya, Torreya nucifera

Readings

• Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
• Kan-on: はく (haku)
• Kun: かしわ (kashiwa, 柏); かえ (kae); かや (kaya)
• Nanori: かい (kai); かし (kashi); かしわ (kashiwa)

Noun

柏(かしわ) or 柏(カシワ) • (kashiwa) 

1. oak

Proper noun

柏(かしわ) or 柏(proper) • (kashiwa or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|かしわ]]

1. a place name, such as that of Kashiwa City in Chiba Prefecture
2. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) a female given name

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Korean

Hanja

柏 • (baek) (hangeul 백, revised baek, McCune–Reischauer paek, Yale payk)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 柏 (bách, bá)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.