Appendix:A vocabulary of the Pequot Indians

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The following table roughly replicates the content of a manuscript Mohegan-Pequot word list by Ezra Stiles (1762). Numbering follows Cowan (1973).

Pequot Indian, Apr 23 1762
Number English Pequot
1 (p. 451, col. 1) fox a'waumps, a'wumps
2 wolf mucks
3 bear a'háwgwut
4 weasel a'mucksh
5 dog náhteah
6 tooth neébut
7 ear or what you hear by cuttuwannege
8 Ind shoes múckasons
9 stocking cungowuntch
10 house wigwaum
11 foot cuzseet
12 wind wuttun
13 sun meeün, meun
14 moon weyhan
15 beach or place where yo go off from tohcommock
16 knife punnéedunk
17 knife wiyauzzege
18 red blanket a'ssúguanute
19 white wumbanute
20 white wumbiou
21 dark or black 'suggyo
22 (p. 451, col. 2) red messh'piou
23 bow nutteümpsh
24 arrow keeguum
I wish I had my Bow & Arrows; I think I would shoot you Towaunnemaudno wandgunum n'teump neegau nuckheguut; Mōh-che mussÿums mochin teautum eyew teatum gynchums[note 1]
25 now eyew
26 I think teatum
27 I will mōh-che
28 I'll certainly moche sauguumbe
29 I kill gynchems
30 robbin quequisquitch
31 blackbird massowyan
32 blackbird auchugyeze
33 meadow quails pauishoons
34 partridge cutquauss
35 quails popoquateece
36 oldwifes ungowá-ums
37 (p. 449, col. 1) squirrel múshánneege
38 rabbit tupsaás
39 goose kohunk
40 blackduck quauquaumps
41 shildrake m'shizzeege
42 flatbills pauquumps
43 brants a'kobyeeze
44 dipper a'kotoshah
45 duck guagueekum
46 wigeons a'pishaug
47 gull uhpúckachip
48 deer noughitch, nōgh-ich
49 deer, i.e. wet nose waughtúggachy[note 2]
50 muk-yutch
51 the biggest deer mausshakeet maukkyhazse
52 a great deer cunggachee maukÿase
wet today very wuttúggio eyéwkéezuk weenugh
53 suckling of men and beasts núzaus[note 3]
54 my wife nehyewgk
55 boy muckachux
56 virgin girls squas or quausses
57 infant newborn pouppous
58 my husband nehyushamag
59 king súnjum
60 queen sunchsquaw
61 bass m'ssugkheege
62 (p. 449, col. 2) bluefish aquaundunt
63 alewives umpsuauges
64 eel[note 4] neesh, neeshuaugx
65 blackfish tautauge
66 whale podumbaug, pudumbaug
67 pickerel or long-nose quúnnoose
68 canoo meshwe
69 cunners cachauxet
70 oysters a'púnnyhaug
71 clam sucksawaug
72 lobster muschúndaug
73 round clams pouh-quauhhaug, p'quaughhaug
74 water nupp
75 fire yewt
76 snow souch'pouu
77 ice kuppat
78 rain sokghean
79 trees mattuck
80 walnut tree wishquutz
81 pond nuppsawaug
82 Ind corn wewaútchemins
83 beans mushquissedes
84 beaver tommunque
85 skunk ausounch, a'ssownsh
86 nose kuchÿage
87 eyes skeezucks
88 mouth cuttóneege
89 (p. 452, col. 1) whip o' will múckkowheesce
90 snake skoogs
91 frog kopiauss, kupýās
92 god mundtu
93 greatest mausshakeet[note 5]
94 greatest god masshakeet mondtu
95 evil spirit or devil cheeby, chepy
96 great man messhíou[note 6]
97 tobacco pipe wuttummunc
98 a bear awausseus
99 (p. 452, col. 2) one nuquút
100 two naéz, neeze
101 three shwéh
102 four yauh
103 five nuppau
104 seven nezzáugnsk
105 eight shwausk
106 six nucquúddosk
107 nine pauzsacóugen[note 7]
108 ten piugg
109 eleven piugg naubut nuquut
110 twelve — do neze[note 8]
111 thirteen — naubut schweh
112 fourteen — naubut yau
113 fifteen — naubut nuppaw
114 sixteen — naubut nucquuddaugnsk
115 seventeen — naubut nezzaugnks
116 eighteen — naubut shwausk
117 nineteen — naubut pauzsacougin
118 twenty piugg naubut piugg
119 twenty neezunchauge
120 twenty-one neezuncháugh naubut neqúut
121 twenty-two neezunchaug naubut neez[note 9]
122 twenty-three neezsunchaug naubut schweh
123 twenty-four neezunchaug naubut yauh
124 twenty-five neezunchaug naubut nuppau
125 [twenty-six] neezunchaug naubut nucquouddongsk
126 twenty-seven neezunchaug naubut nessanghsk[note 10]
127 twenty-eight neezunchaug naubut schaugnsk
128 (p. 453) twenty-nine neezunchaug naubut paussacouggin
129 thirty neezunchaug naubut piaugg
130 thirty-one swunchaug naubut nequut
131 thirty-two swunchaug naubut neeze
132 thirty-three — naubut shweh
133 forty-one yauwúnchaug naubut nequut
134 forty-two — naubut neeze
135 fifty-one nuppáuchinchaug naubut nequut
136 sixty-one nuckqúuddungkzsinchauge naubut nequut[note 11]
137 seventy-one neezúngksinchaug naubut nequút
138 eighty-one shwaúnksinchaug &c or shwunsinchaug or shownsinchog[note 12][note 13]
139 ninety-one pauszacóugensinchaug &c or pauszakugensinchoge[note 13]
140 one hundred piuggsinchaug
141 one hundred nuquudopauzuc, nuquut a pauzuc
142 one hundred ten nuckqúoddepauzsuc naubut piaugg
143 one hundred twenty nuckquouddopauzsuc naubut neezsunchaug
144 one hundred thirty nucquoudopauzuc naubu' swuinchaug
145 one hundred forty nucquoudopauzuc naubu' yau
146 one hundred fifty nucquoudopauzuc naubu' nuppau
147 one hundred sixty nucquoudopauzuc naubu' nukquóuddungsks[note 14]
148 one hundred seventy nucquoudopauzuc naubu' neezungsks
149 one hundred eighty nucquodopauzuc naubu' schwaunsinchaug
150 one hundred ninety ncquoudopauzuc naubu' pauzsacouggin
151 two hundred (piaugg) naezapauzuc
152 (p. 454) three hundred schwunshepauzuc
153 four hundred yauhshepauzuc or youhshepausuc
154 five hundred nuppauchepauzuc
155 six hundred nucquudunghshepauzuc
156 seven hundred neezsunghshepauzuc
157 eight hundred swaunchshepauzuc
158 nine hundred pauzsacoginshepauzuc
159 one thousand piuggshepauzuc
(p. 450) My Father above I am happy to see yo above the highest seat of the Sanchum or King […] on Earth above give this day Bread […] Pray do forgive us or be angry with us no more […] too day Beseach pray keep me from snares anymore Ni ooush, oppoouh[ ]yewwheh, taubut yewmunnashwah wauweegckocheu chauh poos zaunchuum; mouhghchee wauweego[ ]cunchkeetew[ ]wauwe — Ockheege, oppouh yewweh: ashmeezum e-yéwgeghueegkun Pawtúckkonneage; Cowunggunsh ahqua yumba piaushquadta; (Eyewqkeezuc) Moohgchee coweeüngumpsh auhque yumba;[note 15]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Cowan omits the macron in Mōh-che. In the manuscript, there was a word before "gynchums" that has been crossed out.
  2. ^ Cowan misreads as waugtúggachy. Trumbull reads correctly.
  3. ^ Cowan and Trumbull both see an acute accent here, but it is not prominent in the scan.
  4. ^ Cowan reads ell, which is a plausible interpretation of the handwriting. Cognates (e.g. Narragansett neeshaũog), as well as juxtaposition to other sea creatures, indicate that "eel" was meant.
  5. ^ Or mausshákeet?
  6. ^ Or mèsshíou?
  7. ^ Cowan gives pauzscóugen, but this appears to be a misreading.
  8. ^ do: an abbreviation for ditto? Alternatively, there is a Mohegan-Pequot conjunction do (“and”), documented in Speck's glossary.
  9. ^ Cowan reads neeze.
  10. ^ Or neesanghsk? Under Cowan's interpretation (nessanghsk), a long s would follow a short s, which is less common, but long s is not used consistently in the manuscript. Compare earlier nezzáugnsk.
  11. ^ There is a crossed out part at the beginning.
  12. ^ Cowan places the acute accent on the first a, as shwáunksinchaug.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Cowan reads do, which a rare abbreviation for ditto (used above in #110), instead of &c. In either case, probably intended as an ellipsis of naubut nequut.
  14. ^ Cowan reads nuckquóuddungsks instead of nukquóuddungsks.
  15. ^ Cowan reads oppoouhyewwheh instead of oppoouh[ ]yewwheh, wauweegosunchkeetewwauwe instead of wauweego[ ]cunchkeetew[ ]wauwe, piaushquadtta instead of piaushquadta, and omits the final yumba which appears to be from a separate leaf.

Further reading[edit]

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