absent
English
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
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From Middle English absent, from Middle French absent, from Old French ausent, and their source, Latin absens, present participle of absum (“to be away from”), from ab (“away”) + sum (“to be”).
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "RP" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈæb.sn̩t/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "US" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈæb.sn̩t/, enPR: ăb'sənt
Audio (US): (file)
Adjective
absent (comparative absenter, superlative absentest)[1]
- (not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present; missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
- 1623, William Shakespeare, All’s Well That Ends Well, II-iii:
- Expecting absent friends.
- (not comparable) Not existing; lacking. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
- The part was rudimental or absent.
- (sometimes comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.][2]
- 1746-1747, Chesterfield, Letters to his Son:
- What is commonly called an absent man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man.
Antonyms
Related terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Noun
absent (plural absents)
- (obsolete) Absentee; a person who is away on occasion. [Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the early 19th century.][2]
Preposition
absent
- In the absence of; without; except. [First attested in the mid 20th century.][2]
- Absent taxes modern governments cannot function.
- 1919, “State vs. Britt, Supreme Court of Missouri, Division 2”, in The Southwestern Reporter, page 427:
- If the accused refuse upon demand to pay money or deliver property (absent any excuse or excusing circumstance) which came into his hands as a bailee, such refusal might well constitute some evidence of conversion, with the requisite fraudulent intent required by the statute.
- 2011, David Elstein, London Review of Books, volume 33, number 15:
- the Princess Caroline case […] established that – absent a measurable ‘public interest’ in publication – she was safe from being photographed while out shopping.
- 2019 September 5, Ian Bogost, “I tried to limit my screen time (It didn't go well)”, in The Atlantic[1]:
- And the distraction-management software Freedom offers a mode that won’t unlock affected apps absent a telephone-support call.
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English absenten, from Old French absenter, from Late Latin absentāre (“keep away, be away”).
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "RP" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /æbˈsɛnt/, enPR: ăbsĕnt'
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "US" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /æbˈsɛnt/
Verb
absent (third-person singular simple present absents, present participle absenting, simple past and past participle absented)
- (reflexive) To keep (oneself) away.
- Most of the men are retired, jobless, or have otherwise temporarily absented themselves from the workplace.
- 1701-1703, Addison, Remarks on Italy:
- If after due summons any member absents himself, he is to be fined.
- 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:
- This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half.
- (transitive, archaic) To keep (someone) away. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC:
- Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more;
- (intransitive, obsolete) Stay away; withdraw. [Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the late 18th century.][2]
- 1855, Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom:
- The iron rule of the plantation, always passionately and violently enforced in that neighborhood, makes flogging the penalty of failing to be in the field before sunrise in the morning, unless special permission be given to the absenting slave.
- (transitive, rare) Leave. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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References
- ^ Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 6
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “absent”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8.
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin absēns, absēntem. Doublet of ausent.
Pronunciation
Adjective
absent m or f (masculine and feminine plural absents)
Related terms
Further reading
- “absent” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin absēns, absēntem. Compare the popular form ausent.
Pronunciation
Adjective
absent (feminine absente, masculine plural absents, feminine plural absentes)
Related terms
Noun
absent m (plural absents)
Further reading
- “absent”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
German
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Adjective
absent (not comparable)
- absent, not present
- absent-minded
Declension
Norman
Etymology
From Old French ausent, relatinized on the model of its ancestor, Latin absēns (“absent, missing”), present active participle of absum, abesse (“be away, be absent”).
Adjective
absent m
Derived terms
- absemment (“absently”)
Romanian
Etymology
From French absent, Latin absēns, absēntem.
Pronunciation
Adjective
absent m or n (feminine singular absentă, masculine plural absenți, feminine and neuter plural absente)
Related terms
Further reading
- absent in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
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