amuru

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic أَمَرَ (ʔamara).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-amuru (infinitive kuamuru)

1. to command, to order

Conjugation

Conjugation of -amuru
Positive present -naamuru Subjunctive -amuru Negative -amuru Imperative singular amuru
Infinitives
Positive kuamuru Negative kutoamuru
Imperatives
Singular amuru Plural amuruni
Tensed forms
Habitual huamuru Positive past positive subject concord + -liamuru Negative past negative subject concord + -kuamuru
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naamuru) Singular Plural 1st person ninaamuru/naamuru tunaamuru 2nd person unaamuru mnaamuru 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaamuru wanaamuru other classes positive subject concord + -naamuru
Negative present (negative subject concord + -amuru) Singular Plural 1st person siamuru hatuamuru 2nd person huamuru hamwamuru 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haamuru hawaamuru other classes negative subject concord + -amuru
Positive future positive subject concord + -taamuru Negative future negative subject concord + -taamuru
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -amuru) Singular Plural 1st person niamuru tuamuru 2nd person uamuru mwamuru 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aamuru waamuru other classes positive subject concord + -amuru
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siamuru Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeamuru Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeamuru Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliamuru Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliamuru
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aamuru) Singular Plural 1st person naamuru twaamuru 2nd person waamuru mwaamuru 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aamuru waamuru m-mi(III/IV) waamuru yaamuru ji-ma(V/VI) laamuru yaamuru ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaamuru vyaamuru n(IX/X) yaamuru zaamuru u(XI) waamuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaamuru pa(XVI) paamuru mu(XVIII) mwaamuru
Perfect positive subject concord + -meamuru "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaamuru "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaamuru "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiamuru "If not" positive subject concord + -sipoamuru Consecutive kaamuru / positive subject concord + -kaamuru Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaamuru
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niamuru -tuamuru 2nd person -kuamuru -waamuru/-kuamuruni/-waamuruni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwamuru -waamuru m-mi(III/IV) -uamuru -iamuru ji-ma(V/VI) -liamuru -yaamuru ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiamuru -viamuru n(IX/X) -iamuru -ziamuru u(XI) -uamuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuamuru pa(XVI) -paamuru mu(XVIII) -muamuru Reflexive -jiamuru
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -amuru- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -amuruye -amuruo m-mi(III/IV) -amuruo -amuruyo ji-ma(V/VI) -amurulo -amuruyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -amurucho -amuruvyo n(IX/X) -amuruyo -amuruzo u(XI) -amuruo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -amuruko pa(XVI) -amurupo mu(XVIII) -amurumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -amuru) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeamuru -oamuru m-mi(III/IV) -oamuru -yoamuru ji-ma(V/VI) -loamuru -yoamuru ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choamuru -vyoamuru n(IX/X) -yoamuru -zoamuru u(XI) -oamuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koamuru pa(XVI) -poamuru mu(XVIII) -moamuru
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -amuria
  • Causative: -amurisha
  • Passive: -amuriwa
  • Reciprocal: -amuriana
  • Stative: -amurika

Related terms

• amri (“command, order”)