arak

See also: árak and arák

English

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “sweat”), a reference to the condensate in the distillation process. Doublet of ara, raki, and rakija.

Alternative forms

• araq, arrack, rack

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əˈɹæk/, /ˈɛɹ.ɪk/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

Noun

arak (usually uncountable, plural araks)

2. A clear, unsweetened aniseed-flavoured alcoholic drink, produced and consumed primarily in the Levant.
   • 2005 January 25, “The return of arak”, in The New York Times‎^[1], →ISSN:

     A rite of the grape harvest in the Christian villages dotting the Lebanon mountain range […] is the perfectly legal distillation of homemade arak. This smooth, cool, refreshing liquor, tasting of licorice with a soupçon of peppermint, remains the staple drink at Sunday lunch, an eat-till-you-drop extravaganza of small meze dishes.

   • 2015 February 6, Henry Jeffreys, “How to enjoy ouzo, even when you’re not on holiday”, in The Guardian‎^[2], →ISSN:

     In Lebanon they have arak, in Turkey raki, and they even make something similar in Saudi Arabia. This is not so surprising as the Arabs were probably the first people to distil alcohol; alcohol is an Arabic word. “Arak” means “sweat” in Arabic, and describes the distillation process rather than what happens when you drink too much.

3. Alternative spelling of arrack (an alcoholic drink distilled from coconut palm flowers or sugar cane)

Translations

a Middle Eastern aniseed-flavoured alcoholic drink

• Arabic: عَرَق (ar) m (ʕaraq)
• Armenian: արաղ (hy) (araġ)
• Azerbaijani: araq (az)
• Bashkir: араҡы (araqı)
• Burmese: အရက် (my) (a.rak)
• Georgian: არაყი (ka) (araq̇i)
• German: Anisschnaps (de) m; Arak (de) m; Ouzo (de) m; Raki (de) m
• Greek: αράκ (el) n (arák)
• Hebrew: עַרַק (he) m (arák)
• Hindi: अरक (hi) m (arak), अर्क (hi) m (ark)
• Japanese: アラック (arakku), アラク (araku)
• Kazakh: арақ (araq)
• Kumyk: гьаракъы (haraqı)
• Kyrgyz: арак (ky) (arak)
• Ladino:

  Hebrew: ראקי m

  Latin: raki m

• Malay: arak (ms)
• Marathi: अरक n (arak)
• Persian: عرق (fa) ('araq)
• Polish: arak (pl) m
• Portuguese: áraque m, arak m
• Russian: ара́к (ru) m (arák)
• Swedish: arrak (sv) c
• Tajik: арақ (araq)
• Tatar: аракы (tt) (araqı)
• Turkish: rakı (tr)
• Turkmen: arak (tk)
• Ukrainian: ара́к (uk) m (arák)
• Uzbek: aroq (uz)

Etymology 2

From Arabic أَرَاك (ʔarāk).

Noun

arak (usually uncountable, plural araks)

1. A toothbrush tree (Salvadora persica).
   • 1958-1994, Hamilton Gibb & CF Beckingham, in The Travels of Ibn Battutah, Folio Society 2012, p. 51:

     They use perfume freely, paint their eyes with kohl, and are constantly polishing their teeth with twigs of green arak-wood.

Further reading

• arak (drink) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• kara, rak'a, akra, Kara

Ao

Etymology 1

From Proto-Central Naga *(h)rak, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-rak (“to bind”).

Verb

arak

1. (Chungli) to bind (with bamboo or rattan)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Central Naga *hrak.

Verb

arak

1. (Chungli) to choke

Further reading

• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[3], Berkeley: University of California, pages 256-257
• Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1985), Ao-English-Hindi Dictionary, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 11
• E. W. Clark (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, pages 97, 102

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay arak, from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq) (cf. Tagalog alak, Chamorro arak and Ilocano arak).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔaɾak/ [ˈʔa.ɾak]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: a‧rak

Noun

árak (Basahan spelling ᜀᜍᜃ᜔)

1. liquor, alcoholic beverage
2. wine

   Synonyms: agwa de pataranta (slang, dated), bino (rare)

See also

• serbesa

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧rak
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔaɾak/ [ˈʔa.ɾ̪ɐk]

Noun

arak

1. Philippine trogon (Harpactes ardens)

Chamorro

Etymology

From Malay arak, from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Noun

arak

1. distilled liquor made from fermented coconut milk

Galo

Noun

arak

1. cliff

Ilocano

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Malay arak, from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔaɾak/ [ˈʔɐ.ɾak]
• Hyphenation: á‧rak

Noun

árak (Kur-itan spelling ᜀᜎᜃ᜔)

1. wine; liquor; alcoholic beverage
2. alcohol

   Synonym: alkohol

Derived terms

• agarak
• araken
• inarak
• pagaraken

See also

• basi

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aʀak (“to walk single-file”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈɾak/ [ʔɐˈɾak]
• Hyphenation: a‧rák

Noun

arák

1. gathering; congregation; assembly

Derived terms

• agarak

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.rak/, [ˈa.rak̚]
• Hyphenation: a‧rak

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay arak, from Classical Malay ارق (arak), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Noun

arak (plural arak-arak)

1. arrack; an alcoholic beverage usually made from fermenting rice; rice wine

   Synonym: tuak

Derived terms

• pengarakan

• arak jawa
• arak obat

Etymology 2

From Malay arak, from Classical Malay ارق (arak), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aʀak (“to walk single-file”).

Verb

arak

1. to (casually) walk or move past

   ...pengantin wanita dan pengantin laki-laki... di arak atau pawai di sekitar kampung. ― ...The bride and the groom...walked casually or paraded into the vicinity of suburbs.

Conjugation

Conjugation of arak (meng-, ber-, intransitive)

root	arak
	active	passive		basic imperative	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
nominative	mengarak, berarak	terarak	diarak	arak	araklah
accusative / dative / locative	mengaraki		diaraki	araki	arakilah
perfective causative / applicative2	mengarakkan, berarakkan	terarakkan	diarakkan	arakkan	arakkanlah
	causative
nominative
accusative / dative / locative
perfective causative / applicative2			diperarakkan

¹ There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• arak-arakan
• arakan
• berarak
• berarak-arakan
• berarakan
• mengarak
• pengarak
• perarakan

Further reading

• “arak”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈarak/ [ˈa.raʔ]
• Hyphenation: a‧rak

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Noun

arak (Jawi spelling ارق, uncountable)

1. liquor, spirits, alcoholic beverage

   Synonym: minuman keras

2. beer

   Synonym: bir

3. rice wine

   Synonym: tuak

Descendants

• Indonesian: arak
• → Aklanon: aeak
• → Bikol Central: arak
• → Casiguran Dumagat Agta: alak
• → Central Bontoc: alak
• → Central Dusun: talak
• → Chamorro: arak
• → Coastal Kadazan: talak
• → Hanunoo: alak
• → Ilocano: arak
• → Kankanaey: alak
• → Limos Kalinga: alak
• → Kapampangan: alak
• → Pangasinan: alak
• → Tagalog: alak

Etymology 2

arak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aʀak (“walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other”).

Verb

arak (Jawi spelling ارق)

1. to walk in procession

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pengarak [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pengarakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• arakan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• arak-arakan [reduplication + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (redup + -an)
• perarakan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
• mengarak [agent focus] (meN-)
• diarak [patient focus] (di-)
• berarak [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• berarak-arakan [reduplication + stative / habitual + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (redup + beR- + -an)

Descendants

• Indonesian: arak

Further reading

• “arak”, in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu [Malay Literary Reference Centre] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Polish

arak

Etymology

Etymology tree

English arakbor.

Polish arak

Borrowed from English arak.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.rak/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -arak
• Syllabification: a‧rak
• Homophone: Arak

Noun

arak m inan (diminutive araczek, related adjective arakowy)

1. arak (clear, unsweetened, aniseed-flavored alcoholic drink, produced and consumed primarily in the Levant)

Declension

Declension of arak

	singular
nominative	arak
genitive	araku
dative	arakowi
accusative	arak
instrumental	arakiem
locative	araku
vocative	araku

Descendants

• → Kashubian: arak
• → Slovincian: arak

Further reading

• arak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• arak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• arak in PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

Noun

arak m (plural araks)

1. alternative form of áraque

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin arcus (“bow”).

Noun

ȁrak m inan (Cyrillic spelling а̏рак)

1. folio, double sheet (a sheet of paper folded in half to make two leaves, totaling four pages)
2. (printing) octavo, 8mo (a large sheet of paper folded three times to make eight leaves, totaling 16 pages)

Etymology 2

Noun

àrak m inan (Cyrillic spelling а̀рак)

1. arrack, arak (type of liquor)

Slovincian

Etymology

Etymology tree

English arakbor.

Polish arakbor.

Slovincian arak

Borrowed from Polish arak.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.rak/
• Rhymes: -arak
• Syllabification: a‧rak

Noun

arak m inan

1. arak (clear, unsweetened, aniseed-flavored alcoholic drink, produced and consumed primarily in the Levant)

Further reading

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “ãrăk”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[4] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 5

Taivoan

Noun

arak

1. son

Tangam

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-lak. Cognates include Burmese လက် (lak) and Tibetan ལག (lag).

Noun

arak

1. (anatomy) hand, arm

References

• Mark W. Post (2017), The Tangam Language: Grammar, Lexicon and Texts, →ISBN

Yogad

Noun

arák

1. (anatomy) throat