cog

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See also: COG

English[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Cogwheel showing the teeth (cogs).

From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).

The meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.

Noun[edit]

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A tooth on a gear.
  2. A gear; a cogwheel.
  3. An unimportant individual in a greater system.
    • 1976, Norman Denny (English translation), Victor Hugo (original French), Les Misérables
      ‘There are twenty-five of us, but they don’t reckon I’m worth anything. I’m just a cog in the machine.’
    • 1988, David Mamet, Speed-the-Plow
      Your boss tells you “take initiative,” you best guess right—and you do, then you get no credit. Day-in, … smiling, smiling, just a cog.
  4. (carpentry) A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint.
  5. (mining) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)

  1. To furnish with a cog or cogs.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English cogge, from Middle Dutch kogge, cogghe (modern kogge), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare German Kock (“cogboat”), Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). See etymology 1 above.

Noun[edit]

cog (plural cogs)

  1. (historical) A ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull.
    • 1485 July 31, Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London]: […] [by William Caxton], OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: Published by David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:
      , Bk.V, Ch.iv:
      As the Kynge was in his cog and lay in his caban, he felle in a slumberyng […].
Translations[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Uncertain origin. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.

Noun[edit]

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A trick or deception; a falsehood.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of William Watson to this entry?)
Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)

  1. To load (a die) so that it can be used to cheat.
  2. To cheat; to play or gamble fraudulently.
    • Jonathan Swift
      For guineas in other men's breeches, / Your gamesters will palm and will cog.
  3. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.
    • Shakespeare
      I'll […] cog their hearts from them.
  4. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; to palm off.
    to cog in a word
    • J. Dennis
      Fustian tragedies […] have, by concerted applauses, been cogged upon the town for masterpieces.
Translations[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From Old English cogge.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

cog (plural cogs)

  1. A small fishing boat.
  2. Alternative form of cogue (“wooden vessel for milk”)

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Back-formation from cogadh (“war”).

Verb[edit]

cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)

  1. (rare or archaic) to war, wage war

Conjugation[edit]

First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present cogaim cogann tú;
cogair† 		cogann sé, sí cogaimid cogann sibh cogann siad;
cogaid† 		a chogann; a chogas /
a gcogann*; a gcogas* 		cogtar
past chog mé; chogas chog tú; chogais chog sé, sí chogamar; chog muid chog sibh; chogabhair chog siad; chogadar a chog /
ar chog* 		cogadh
past habitual chogainn chogtá chogadh sé, sí chogaimis; chogadh muid chogadh sibh chogaidís; chogadh siad a chogadh /
ar chogadh* 		chogtaí
future cogfaidh mé;
cogfad 		cogfaidh tú;
cogfair† 		cogfaidh sé, sí cogfaimid;
cogfaidh muid 		cogfaidh sibh cogfaidh siad;
cogfaid† 		a chogfaidh; a chogfas /
a gcogfaidh*; a gcogfas* 		cogfar
conditional chogfainn / gcogfainn‡‡ chogfá / gcogfᇇ chogfadh sé, sí / gcogfadh sé, s퇇 chogfaimis; chogfadh muid / gcogfaimis‡‡; gcogfadh muid‡‡ chogfadh sibh / gcogfadh sibh‡‡ chogfaidís; chogfadh siad / gcogfaidís‡‡; gcogfadh siad‡‡ a chogfadh /
ar chogfadh* 		chogfaí / gcogfa퇇
subjunctive present go gcoga mé;
go gcogad† 		go gcoga tú;
go gcogair† 		go gcoga sé, sí go gcogaimid;
go gcoga muid 		go gcoga sibh go gcoga siad;
go gcogaid† 		— go gcogtar
past dá gcogainn dá gcogtá dá gcogadh sé, sí dá gcogaimis;
dá gcogadh muid 		dá gcogadh sibh dá gcogaidís;
dá gcogadh siad 		— dá gcogtaí
imperative cogaim cog cogadh sé, sí cogaimis cogaigí;
cogaidh† 		cogaidís — cogtar
verbal noun cogadh
past participle cogtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cog chog gcog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”).

Verb[edit]

cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)

  1. fight

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

cog f (plural cogau)

  1. cuckoo

Usage notes[edit]

  • Cog is usually found preceded by the definite article, y gog.

Synonyms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
cog gog nghog chog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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