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U+9B25, 鬥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B25

[U+9B24]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9B26]
U+2FBE, ⾾
KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT

[U+2FBD]
Kangxi Radicals ⾿
[U+2FBF]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japanese
Simplified
Traditional 鬥//

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 191, +0, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中弓 (LN), four-corner 77114, composition 𩰋)

  1. Kangxi radical #191, .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1457, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45632
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1989, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4515, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B25

Chinese

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trad. /
simp. *
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) — two figures face-to-face, fighting with bare hands. Some oracle script characters of (dòu) show that both of their hair are bristled. The character shape resembles 𠨭 and opposite each other.

(dòu) and (dòu) are original characters of this form; forms with the similar-looking radical ("door") were non-standard variants.

Simplified form was derived via the variant form .

(dòu) is also one of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 as the simplified form of (dòu).

Etymology

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Conflation of two roots "to fight" and "to meet", and the merger has been attested since ancient times.

"to fight"
Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (to defy, interfere, be at enmity with), which is the source of Tibetan སྡོ (sdo, to bear up against, bid defiance) and Burmese တော့ (tau., to resent an insinuation, interfere in a quarrel).
"to meet"
Schuessler (2007) considers this cognate with (OC *tjos, “to apply; to be touched; to bring together; to join”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tàu - vernacular;
  • tiò/tò͘ - literary.
Note:
  • dou3 - literary;
  • dao3 - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (5)
Final () (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/təuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/təuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/təuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/təwH/
Li
Rong
/tuH/
Wang
Li
/təuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dau3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
dòu
Middle
Chinese
‹ tuwH ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁok-s/
English quarrel, wrangle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2481
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*toːɡs/

Definitions

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  1. to fight; to struggle
      ―  zhēngdòu  ―  to fight
      ―  zhàndòu  ―  battle
      ―  xièdòu  ―  to fight with weapons
      ―  quándòu  ―  fist fight
      ―  dòu  ―  grapple
      ―  dòu  ―  to wrestle
    明爭暗明争暗  ―  míngzhēng'àndòu  ―  both open strife and veiled struggle
    龍爭虎龙争虎  ―  lóngzhēnghǔdòu  ―  fierce struggle between two evenly-matched opponents
      ―  jiǎodòu  ―  to battle
      ―  dòushì  ―  warrior
      ―  dòuzhì  ―  morale
      ―  dòu'ōu  ―  to brawl
      ―  dòu  ―  to quarrel just to vent one's spleen
      ―  dòujiàn  ―  man-of-war
  2. to make animals fight
      ―  dòu  ―  cockfighting
      ―  dòuniú  ―  bull-fight
  3. to contend; to compete with
      ―  dòuzhēng  ―  conflict
      ―  dòuzuǐ  ―  to squabble
      ―  dòuzhì  ―  contest of wits
      ―  dòu  ―  to criticize and denounce a person
  4. to strive one's best
      ―  fèndòu  ―  to work at one's utmost
  5. (archaic) (of stars) to collide with each other
  6. chaotic; disorderly, helter-skelter
  7. to take the opportunity to ...; to do something while it's ...
  8. to meet; to encounter; to face
  9. to face; to confront; to front; to be opposite
  10. to piece together; to fit together
    電腦电脑 [Cantonese]  ―  dau3 din6 nou5 [Jyutping]  ―  to assemble a computer
    木佬木佬 [Cantonese]  ―  dau3 muk6 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  woodworker
  11. (dialectal) to help; to assist
  12. (dialectal) very, quite
  13. (dialectal) to collude, to plot
  14. fine tea; tea of the best quality
  15. (dialectal) bird nest
  16. Alternative form of (dòu, to tease, to play with)
  17. Alternative form of (dōu, to solicit (customers or business))
  18. Alternative form of (dǒu, suddenly, in a sudden)
  19. a surname

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. to fight

Readings

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As a variant/kyūjitai kanji of :

Usage notes

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As a radical, it is referred to as (とう)() (tōbu), (とう)(がま) (tōgamae), or (たたかい)(がま) (tatakaigamae).

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 싸울 (ssaul tu))

  1. Alternative form of (hanja form? of (fight))

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: đấu, dấu

  1. chữ Hán form of đấu (fight).

Compounds

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