ester
English
Etymology
From German Ester, perhaps a contraction or abstraction of Essigäther (“ethyl acetate”), from Essig (“vinegar”) (from Latin acetum) and Äther (“ether”). See ether for more.
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Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɛstɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɛstə/
- Rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
- Homophone: Esther
Noun
ester (plural esters)
- (organic chemistry) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.
- 1991, Malcolm B. Hale et al., “New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 53, number 4, page 47:
- To produce a test material containing at least 75 percent omega-3 polyunsaturates, the menhaden triglycerides are transesterified to produce fatty acid ethyl esters. The esters are reacted with urea dissolved in hot ethanol and the solution is cooled overnight.
- 1991, W. F. Kean, C. J. L. Lock, and H. E. Howard-Lock, “Chirality in antirheumatic drugs”, in The Lancet, volume 338, , page 1567:
- The thiol-coenzyme-A ester formed by R-arylpropionic acid can bind to triglyceride to form a “hybrid” triglyceride: such hybrid triglycerides can cause alteration of fatty-acid metabolism and membrane function, and a lipophilic triglyceride–propionic-acid hybrid would be able to cross lipid membranes such as the blood–brain barrier.
- 1996, Steven Ashley, “Composite car structures pass the crash test”, in Mechanical Engineering[1], volume 118, number 12, page 60:
- The effort’s primary material systems are vinyl esters and polyurethanes, reinforced with inexpensive chopped-glass rovings. Automated glass-fiber preforming processes and high-rate molding procedures are being studied in an effort to reduce cycle times and production costs substantially.
Derived terms
Translations
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Anagrams
Cornish
Noun
ester f (singulative estren)
Czech
Noun
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- ester
Further reading
Danish
Etymology 1
Noun
ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
Declension
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Noun
ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
Declension
Derived terms
References
- “ester” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
ester m (plural esters, diminutive estertje n)
Estonian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
ester (genitive estri, partitive estrit)
Declension
Declension of ester (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ester | estrid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | estri | ||
genitive | estrite | ||
partitive | estrit | estreid | |
illative | estrisse | estritesse estreisse | |
inessive | estris | estrites estreis | |
elative | estrist | estritest estreist | |
allative | estrile | estritele estreile | |
adessive | estril | estritel estreil | |
ablative | estrilt | estritelt estreilt | |
translative | estriks | estriteks estreiks | |
terminative | estrini | estriteni | |
essive | estrina | estritena | |
abessive | estrita | estriteta | |
comitative | estriga | estritega |
French
Etymology 1
From Old French ester, from Vulgar Latin *estō, from Classical Latin stō (cf. also the juridical Medieval Latin senses), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
Pronunciation
Verb
ester
Conjugation
Only used in the infinitive, present participle estant and past participle esté.
Related terms
Etymology 2
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ester m (plural esters)
Anagrams
Further reading
- “ester”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Ladin
Etymology 1
From Latin exterus, from exter.
Adjective
ester m (feminine singular estera, masculine plural esters, feminine plural esteres)
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Verb
ester
- to be
Conjugation
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | ester | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | — | gerund | sian | |||
past participle | sté | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | son | ies | é | son | seis | é |
imperfect | fove | foves | fova | fovan | fovais | fova |
future | saré | saras | sarà | saron | sareis | sarà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | sie | sies | sie | son | seis | sie |
imperfect | fosse | fosses | fossa | fossan | fossais | fossa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | sies | — | — | sede | — |
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English ēaster.
Noun
ester (plural esters)
- Easter (Christian holiday)
- c. 1280, “Vita sancti Brendani, Abbatis de Hybernia”, in Carl Horstmann, editor, The Early South English Legendary or Lives of Saints[2], London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1887, page 224:
- To a stede ȝe schulle hunne wende : þurf oure louerdes grace, / Þat is foweles parays : a wel ioyful place : / Þer ȝe schulle þis ester beo : & þis wit-sonedai also.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 1300, Robert of Gloucester, edited by William Aldis Wright, The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, published 1887, page 556:
- Þre siþe he ber croune aȝer · to midewinter at gloucestre · / To witesonetid at westmunstre · to ester at wincestre ·
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- a. 1402, John Trevisa, transl., “De regione lodœœ”, in Joseph Rawson Lumby, editor, Polychronicon, page 111:
- Mysbyleued men mysdede neuere þat chirche ; and þat is, as me troweþ, for euery ȝere an Ester eue comeþ fire from heuene, and tendeþ and liȝteþ þe lamps þerynne ; but whan þat miracle bygan first, hit is vncertayne and vnknowe.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
References
“ēster(n, n., MED14534.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
ester m (definite singular esteren, indefinite plural estere, definite plural esterne)
Synonyms
Related terms
Old French
Etymology
From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin estō, from Latin stō. Compare with estre.
Verb
ester
Usage notes
According to the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, "[i]t is not always possible to make a valid distinction between and ester and estre"[1].
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ester | avoir esté, esteü | |||||
gerund | en estant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | estant | ||||||
past participle | esté, esteü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | estois | estas, estais | esta, estait | estons | estez | estont |
imperfect | estoie, esteie, estoe, esteve | estoies, esteies, estoes, esteves | estoit, esteit, estot, esteve | estiiens, estiens | estiiez, estiez | estoient, esteient, estoent, estevent | |
preterite | estui, estai | esteüs, estas | estut, esta | esteümes, estames | esteüstes, estastes | esturent, esterent | |
future | esterai | esteras | estera | esterons | esteroiz, estereiz, esterez | esteront | |
conditional | esteroie, estereie | esteroies, estereies | esteroit, estereit | esteriiens, esteriens | esteriiez, esteriez | esteroient, estereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | estoise, estace | estoises, estaces | estoise, estoist, estace | estons | estez | estoisent, estacent |
imperfect | esteüsse, estasse | esteüsses, estasses | esteüst, estast | esteüssons, esteüssiens, estissons, estissiens | esteüssoiz, esteüssez, esteüssiez, estissoiz, estissez, estissiez | esteüssent, estassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | esta | — | estons | estez | — |
Descendants
References
Polish
Noun
ester m inan
- ester (organic compound)
Declension
Swedish
Noun
ester c
Declension
Declension of ester (an ester) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ester | estern | estrar | estrarna |
Genitive | esters | esterns | estrars | estrarnas |
Anagrams
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɛstə(ɹ)
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Organic compounds
- English terms with quotations
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish nouns
- Cornish feminine nouns
- kw:Mollusks
- cs:Chemistry
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish terms derived from German
- Dutch terms borrowed from German
- Dutch terms derived from German
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Organic chemistry
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- et:Organic chemistry
- Estonian õpik-type nominals
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- fr:Law
- French terms with rare senses
- French terms with archaic senses
- French terms derived from German
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
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- fr:Organic chemistry
- French defective verbs
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin adjectives
- Ladin verbs
- Ladin irregular verbs
- Ladin suppletive verbs
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- nb:Nationalities
- Old French terms inherited from Late Latin
- Old French terms derived from Late Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with strong-u preterite
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er
- Old French irregular verbs
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Chemistry
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Organic chemistry