gram

See also: Gram, grām, gräm, gram., and -gram

English

Alternative forms

• (dated, chiefly British) gramme

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɹæm/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æm
• Homophone: graham (GenAm)

Etymology 1

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”), a semantic calque of Latin scripulum (cf. scrupulus), erroneously thought to be derived from scribo (“to write”).

Noun

gram (plural grams)

1. A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g

Translations

unit of mass

• Afrikaans: gram
• Albanian: gram (sq) m
• Arabic: جْرَام m (gram), غْرَام m (ḡrām), غْرَام m (gram)

  Egyptian Arabic: جرام m (grām)

• Armenian: գրամ (hy) (gram)
• Asturian: gramu m
• Azerbaijani: qram (az)
• Belarusian: грам m (hram)
• Bengali: গ্রাম (bn) (gram)
• Bulgarian: грам (bg) m (gram)
• Burmese: ဂရမ် (my) (ga.ram)
• Catalan: gram (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 克 (hak¹), 公克 (gung¹ hak¹)

  Hakka: 克 (khiet), 公克 (kûng-khiet), 古拉母 (kù-la-mú)

  Mandarin: 克 (zh) (kè), 公克 (zh) (gōngkè)

  Min Nan: 公克 (zh-min-nan) (kong-khek)

• Czech: gram (cs) m
• Danish: gram (da) n
• Dutch: gram (nl) m
• Esperanto: gramo
• Estonian: gramm
• Finnish: gramma (fi)
• French: gramme (fr) m
• Galician: gramo (gl) m
• Georgian: გრამი (grami)
• German: Gramm (de) n
• Greek: γραμμάριο (el) n (grammário)

  Ancient: γραμμάριον n (grammárion)

• Gujarati: ગ્રામ (grām)
• Hebrew: גְרַם (he) m (gram)
• Hindi: ग्राम (hi) m (grām)
• Hungarian: gramm (hu)
• Icelandic: gramm (is) n
• Ido: gramo (io)
• Indonesian: gram (id)
• Irish: gram m
• Italian: grammo (it) m
• Japanese: グラム (ja) (guramu)
• Kazakh: грамм (gramm)
• Khmer: ក្រាម (km) (kraam)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Korean: 그램 (ko) (geuraem)
• Kyrgyz: грамм (ky) (gramm)
• Lao: ກຣາມ (ka rām), ກາມ (kām)
• Latvian: grams m
• Lithuanian: gramas (lt) m
• Luxembourgish: Gramm m
• Macedonian: грам m (gram)
• Malay: gram
• Maori: karamu, koma
• Mongolian: грамм (mn) (gramm)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gram (no) n

  Nynorsk: gram n

• Occitan: grama m
• Persian: گرم (fa) (geram)
• Polish: gram (pl) m
• Portuguese: grama (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਗ੍ਰਾਮ (grāma)
• Quechua: k'isura
• Romanian: gram (ro) n
• Russian: грамм (ru) m (gramm)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: gram (sh) m

  Roman: грам

• Slovak: gram (sk) m
• Slovene: gram (sl) m
• Sotho: geramo
• Spanish: gramo (es) m
• Swahili: gramu (sw)
• Swedish: gram (sv) n
• Tagalog: gramo
• Tajik: грамм (gramm)
• Telugu: గ్రాము (te) (grāmu)
• Thai: กรัม (th) (gram)
• Turkish: gram (tr)
• Turkmen: gramm
• Ukrainian: грам (uk) m (hram)
• Urdu: گرام m (grām)
• Uzbek: gramm (uz)
• Vietnamese: gam (vi)
• Yiddish: גראַם (gram)

See also

• kilogram
• milligram
• List of SI units

Etymology 2

From obsolete Portuguese gram (modern Portuguese grão), from Latin grānum.

Noun

gram (uncountable)

1. A leguminous plant grown for its seeds, especially the chickpea.
2. (uncountable) The seeds of these plants.

Derived terms

• Bengal gram
• gram flour

Etymology 3

Diminutive of grandmother

Noun

gram (plural grams)

1. grandmother

Etymology 4

Old English, akin to grim. See grama.

Adjective

gram (comparative more gram, superlative most gram)

1. (obsolete) angry
   • Havelok the Dane

     For he knew, the swike dam, / Euerildel God was him gram.

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɹeəm/, /ˈɡɹæm/

Noun

gram (uncountable)

1. (US) Misspelling of graham.

Further reading

• gram on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• gram (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• MAgr, marg

---

Catalan

Etymology

From French gramme.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈɡɾam]

Noun

gram m (plural grams)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Further reading

• “gram” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

---

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡram]
• Rhymes: -am

Noun

1. gram (unit)

Further reading

• Template:R:PSJC
• Template:R:SSJC

---

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse gramr, cognates with the Icelandic gramur (“resentful, irritated”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

Adjective

gram

1. irate

Inflection

Inflection of gram
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Indefinte common singular	gram	—	—2
Indefinite neuter singular	gramt	—	—2
Plural	gramme	—	—2
Definite attributive1	gramme	—	—
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Related terms

• gram i hu

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek γραμμά (grammá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

Noun

gram n (singular definite grammet, plural indefinite gram)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Inflection

Declension of gram

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gram	grammet	gram	grammene
genitive	grams	grammets	grams	grammenes

---

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑm
• IPA^(key): /ɣrɑm/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme.

Noun

gram n (plural grammen, diminutive grammetje n)

1. gram (unit of mass)

See also

• gewicht
• kilo

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch gram (“wrath”).

Adjective

gram (comparative grammer, superlative gramst)

1. (rare) angry, irate

Etymology 3

Substantivization of the adjective above.

Noun

gram m (uncountable, diminutive grammetje n)

1. (rare) wrath

See also

• gramschap
• toorn
• wrevel

---

German

Etymology

From Middle High German gram, from Old High German gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

gram (not comparable)

1. angry

Further reading

• “gram” in Duden online

---

Irish

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”), a semantic calque of Latin scripulum (cf. scrupulus), erroneously thought to be derived from scribo (“to write”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾˠamˠ/

Noun

gram m (genitive singular graim, nominative plural graim)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative gram graim Vocative a ghraim a ghrama Genitive graim gram Dative gram graim

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an gram na graim Genitive an ghraim na ngram Dative leis an ngram don ghram leis na graim

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gram	ghram	ngram
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gram”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

---

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Adjective

gram

1. angry
2. sad, upset

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: gram

Further reading

• “gram”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gram (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

---

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma)

Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma or grammene)

1. a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

Derived terms

• mikrogram

References

• “gram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “gram_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

---

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma)

Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma)

1. a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

Derived terms

• mikrogram

References

• “gram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

---

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɑm/

Adjective

gram

1. angry, hostile

Declension

Declension of gram — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	gram	gramu, gramo	gram
Accusative	gramne	grame	gram
Genitive	grames	gramre	grames
Dative	gramum	gramre	gramum
Instrumental	grame	gramre	grame
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	grame	grama, grame	gramu, gramo
Accusative	grame	grama, grame	gramu, gramo
Genitive	gramra	gramra	gramra
Dative	gramum	gramum	gramum
Instrumental	gramum	gramum	gramum

Declension of gram — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	grama	grame	grame
Accusative	graman	graman	grame
Genitive	graman	graman	graman
Dative	graman	graman	graman
Instrumental	graman	graman	graman
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	graman	graman	graman
Accusative	graman	graman	graman
Genitive	gramra, gramena	gramra, gramena	gramra, gramena
Dative	gramum	gramum	gramum
Instrumental	gramum	gramum	gramum

---

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Noun

gram m inan

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	gramy
genitive	grama	gramów
dative	gramowi	gramom
accusative	gram	gramy
instrumental	gramem	gramami
locative	gramie	gramach
vocative	gramie	gramy

Etymology 2

Verb

gram

1. first-person singular present indicative of grać

Further reading

• Template:R:PWN

---

Portuguese

Noun

gram m (plural grãos)

1. Obsolete spelling of grão.

Descendants

• → English: gram

Adjective

gram

1. Obsolete spelling of grão.

---

Romanian

Noun

gram n

1. gram (unit of mass)

---

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Latin gramma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâm/

Noun

grȁm m (Cyrillic spelling гра̏м)

1. gram (unit)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	grȁm	grȁmi
genitive	grȁma	grȃmā
dative	grȁmu	grȁmima
accusative	grȁm	grȁme
vocative	grȁme	grȁmi
locative	grȁmu	grȁmima
instrumental	grȁmom	grȁmima

---

Swedish

Pronunciation

• audio:

  (file)

Noun

gram n

1. gram (unit of mass)

---

Tatar

Noun

gram

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

    declension of gram

Nominative	gram
Genitive	gramnıñ
Dative	gramga
Accusative	gramnı
Locative	gramda
Ablative	gramnan

References

• 595 gram

---

Volapük

Noun

gram (nominative plural grams)

1. gram

Declension

declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	grams
genitive	grama	gramas
dative	grame	grames
accusative	grami	gramis
vocative 1	o gram!	o grams!
predicative 2	gramu	gramus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only