heave

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English

WOTD – 26 September 2015

Etymology

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From Middle English heven, hebben, from Old English hebban, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”) (compare West Frisian heffe, Dutch heffen, German heben, Danish hæve), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, from the root *keh₂p- (compare Albanian kap (“I grasp, seize”)[1][2], Old Irish cáin (“law, tribute”), cacht (“prisoner”), Latin capiō (“to take”), Latvian kàmpt (“to seize”), Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō, “to gulp down”), κώπη (kṓpē, “handle”)).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hiːv/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Audio (AU):(file)
  • Rhymes: -iːv

Verb

heave (third-person singular simple present heaves, present participle heaving, simple past heaved or hove, past participle heaved or hove or hoven or heft)

  1. (transitive) To lift with difficulty; to raise with some effort; to lift (a heavy thing).
    We heaved the chest-of-drawers on to the second-floor landing.
  2. (transitive) To throw, cast.
    They heaved rocks into the pond.
    The cap'n hove the body overboard.
  3. (intransitive) To rise and fall.
    Her chest heaved with emotion.
    • (Can we date this quote by Prior and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves.
    • (Can we date this quote by Byron and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      the heaving plain of ocean
  4. (transitive) To utter with effort.
    She heaved a sigh and stared out of the window.
    • (Can we date this quote by Shakespeare and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      The wretched animal heaved forth such groans.
  5. (transitive, nautical) To pull up with a rope or cable.
    Heave up the anchor there, boys!
  6. (transitive, archaic) To lift (generally); to raise, or cause to move upwards (particularly in ships or vehicles) or forwards.
    • (Can we date this quote by Herrick and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      Here a little child I stand, / Heaving up my either hand.
  7. (intransitive) To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.
    • (Can we date this quote by Alexander Pope and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      And the huge columns heave into the sky.
    • (Can we date this quote by Gray and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap
    • (Can we date this quote by E. Everett and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      the heaving sods of Bunker Hill
  8. (transitive, mining, geology) To displace (a vein, stratum).
  9. (transitive, now rare) To cause to swell or rise, especially in repeated exertions.
    The wind heaved the waves.
  10. (transitive, intransitive, nautical) To move in a certain direction or into a certain position or situation.
    to heave the ship ahead
    • 1914, Edgar Rice Burroughs, At the Earth's Core‎[2], The Gutenberg Project:
      Pausing there I waited until the foremost Sagoth hove into sight.
  11. (intransitive) To retch, to make an effort to vomit; to vomit.
    The smell of the old cheese was enough to make you heave.
  12. (intransitive) To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult.
    • (Can we date this quote by Atterbury and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days.
  13. (obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) To rob; to steal from; to plunder.
    • 1611, Thomas Middleton, “The Roaring Girl”, in Bullen, Arthur Henry, editor, The Works of Thomas Middleton‎[3], volume 4, published 1885, Act 5, Scene 1, pages 128–129:
      Ben mort, shall you and I heave a bough, mill a ken, or nip a bung, and then we'll couch a hogshead under the ruffmans, and there you shall wap with me, and I'll niggle with you.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Danish: hive
  • → Faroese: hiva
  • → Norwegian: hive, hiva
  • → Scanian: hyva
    Hallandian: hiva
  • → Swedish: hiva
    Sudermannian: hyva
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Translations

Noun

heave (plural heaves)

  1. An effort to raise something, such as a weight or one's own body, or to move something heavy.
  2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, etc.
    • 1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:
      and now the bed shook, the curtains rattled so, that I could scarce hear the sighs and murmurs, the heaves and pantings that accompanied the action, from the beginning to the end
  3. A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.
  4. (nautical) The measure of extent to which a nautical vessel goes up and down in a short period of time. Compare pitch.
  5. An effort to vomit; retching.
  6. (rare, only used attributively as in "heave line" or "heave horse") Broken wind in horses.
    • 1928, Farm Life - Volume 47, Issue 1, page 24:
      The dust would have to be watched out for with a heave horse, and most alfalfa hay...
    • 1988, New York State Veterinary College, Annual Conference for Veterinarians: Abstracts of Papers, page 14:
      The late stage is recognized by horse people as the true "heave" horse and at this stage most of the airways are partially or completely obstructed.
    • 2013, Lon D. Lewis, Feeding and Care of the Horse:
      The bay horse was straining at the time the picture was taken, making its heave line more noticeable.
  7. (cricket) This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    • 2019 July 14, Stephan Shemilt, “England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic finale against New Zealand”, in BBC Sport‎[4], London:
      That left 15 needed from Boult's final set. Two dots were followed by a heave over deep mid-wicket, then came the outrageous moment of fortune.

Translations

References
  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kap”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
  2. ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “kap”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

Anagrams

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