iacio

Latin

Alternative forms

• jaciō

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *jakjō (“throw (down?)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yéh₁-k-t, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw, let go”). Compare iaceō.

Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵημι (híēmi, “to send, throw”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈja.ki.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈjaː.t͡ʃi.o]

Verb

iaciō (present infinitive iacere, perfect active iēcī, supine iactum); third (-iō variant) conjugation

1. to throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away

   Synonyms: coniciō, iniciō, adiciō, obiciō, abiciō, iaculor, iactō, trāiciō, spargō, impingō, ēmittō, mittō, permittō, lībrō

   Alea iacta est. ― The die has been cast.(Caesar)

2. to lay, set, establish, build, found, construct, erect

   fundamenta iacere ― to lay the foundations/groundwork

3. to send forth, emit; bring forth, produce

   Synonyms: ēmittō, prōdō, ēdō, effundō, mittō

4. to scatter, sow, throw
5. (as a shadow) to project
6. (figuratively) to throw out in speaking, let fall, utter, mention, declare

Conjugation

   Conjugation of iaciō (third (-iō variant) conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	iaciō		iacis		iacit		iacimus		iacitis		iaciunt
	imperfect	iaciēbam		iaciēbās		iaciēbat		iaciēbāmus		iaciēbātis		iaciēbant
	future	iaciam		iaciēs		iaciet		iaciēmus		iaciētis		iacient
	perfect	iēcī		iēcistī		iēcit		iēcimus		iēcistis		iēcērunt, iēcēre
	pluperfect	iēceram		iēcerās		iēcerat		iēcerāmus		iēcerātis		iēcerant
	future perfect	iēcerō		iēceris		iēcerit		iēcerimus		iēceritis		iēcerint
passive	present	iacior		iaceris, iacere		iacitur		iacimur		iaciminī		iaciuntur
	imperfect	iaciēbar		iaciēbāris, iaciēbāre		iaciēbātur		iaciēbāmur		iaciēbāminī		iaciēbantur
	future	iaciar		iaciēris, iaciēre		iaciētur		iaciēmur		iaciēminī		iacientur
	perfect	iactus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	iactus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	iactus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	iaciam		iaciās		iaciat		iaciāmus		iaciātis		iaciant
	imperfect	iacerem		iacerēs		iaceret		iacerēmus		iacerētis		iacerent
	perfect	iēcerim		iēcerīs		iēcerit		iēcerīmus		iēcerītis		iēcerint
	pluperfect	iēcissem		iēcissēs		iēcisset		iēcissēmus		iēcissētis		iēcissent
passive	present	iaciar		iaciāris, iaciāre		iaciātur		iaciāmur		iaciāminī		iaciantur
	imperfect	iacerer		iacerēris, iacerēre		iacerētur		iacerēmur		iacerēminī		iacerentur
	perfect	iactus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	iactus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		iace		—		—		iacite		—
	future	—		iacitō		iacitō		—		iacitōte		iaciuntō
passive	present	—		iacere		—		—		iaciminī		—
	future	—		iacitor		iacitor		—		—		iaciuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		iacere			iacī			iaciēns			—
future		iactūrum esse			iactum īrī			iactūrus			iaciendus, iaciundus
perfect		iēcisse			iactum esse			—			iactus
future perfect		—			iactum fore			—			—
perfect potential		iactūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		iaciendī		iaciendō		iaciendum		iaciendō		iactum		iactū

Derived terms

• abiciō
• adiciō
• amiciō
• circumiciō
• cōniciō
• dēiciō
• disiciō
• ēiciō
• iactō
• iaculum
• iaculus
• iniciō
• interiaciō
• intericiō
• obiciō
• porriciō
• praeiciō
• prōiciō
• rēiciō
• subiciō
• superiaciō
• trāiciō

Related terms

• iaceō (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “jacio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iacio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “iacio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    
  • (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
    
  • (ambiguous) to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
    
  • (ambiguous) to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
    
  • (ambiguous) to discharge missiles: tela iacere, conicere, mittere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be out of range: extra teli iactum, coniectum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
    
  • (ambiguous) to drop anchor: ancoras iacere