iacio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *jakjō (“throw (down?)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw, let go”). Compare iaceō.

Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵημι (híēmi, “to send, throw”).

Alternative forms

• jacio

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈja.ki.oː/
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈja.t͡ʃi.o/, [ˈjaː.t͡ʃi.o]

Verb

iaciō (present infinitive iacere, perfect active iēcī, supine iactum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. I throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away.

   Alea iacta est.

   The die has been cast.

2. I lay, set, establish, build, found, construct, erect.
3. I send forth, emit; bring forth, produce.
4. I scatter, sow, throw.
5. (as a shadow) I project.
6. (figuratively) I throw out in speaking, let fall, utter, mention, declare.

Inflection

Conjugation of iacio (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iaciō	iacis	iacit	iacimus	iacitis	iaciunt
	imperfect	iaciēbam	iaciēbās	iaciēbat	iaciēbāmus	iaciēbātis	iaciēbant
	future	iaciam	iaciēs	iaciet	iaciēmus	iaciētis	iacient
	perfect	iēcī	iēcistī	iēcit	iēcimus	iēcistis	iēcērunt, iēcēre
	pluperfect	iēceram	iēcerās	iēcerat	iēcerāmus	iēcerātis	iēcerant
	future perfect	iēcerō	iēceris	iēcerit	iēcerimus	iēceritis	iēcerint
passive	present	iacior	iaceris, iacere	iacitur	iacimur	iaciminī	iaciuntur
	imperfect	iaciēbar	iaciēbāris, iaciēbāre	iaciēbātur	iaciēbāmur	iaciēbāminī	iaciēbantur
	future	iaciar	iaciēris, iaciēre	iaciētur	iaciēmur	iaciēminī	iacientur
	perfect	iactus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	iactus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	iactus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iaciam	iaciās	iaciat	iaciāmus	iaciātis	iaciant
	imperfect	iacerem	iacerēs	iaceret	iacerēmus	iacerētis	iacerent
	perfect	iēcerim	iēcerīs	iēcerit	iēcerīmus	iēcerītis	iēcerint
	pluperfect	iēcissem	iēcissēs	iēcisset	iēcissēmus	iēcissētis	iēcissent
passive	present	iaciar	iaciāris, iaciāre	iaciātur	iaciāmur	iaciāminī	iaciantur
	imperfect	iacerer	iacerēris, iacerēre	iacerētur	iacerēmur	iacerēminī	iacerentur
	perfect	iactus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	iactus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	iace	—	—	iacite	—
	future	—	iacitō	iacitō	—	iacitōte	iaciuntō
passive	present	—	iacere	—	—	iaciminī	—
	future	—	iacitor	iacitor	—	—	iaciuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		iacere	iēcisse	iactūrus esse	iacī	iactus esse	iactum īrī
participles		iaciēns	—	iactūrus	—	iactus	iaciendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		nominative	genitive	dative/ablative	accusative	accusative	ablative
		iacere	iaciendī	iaciendō	iaciendum	iactum	iactū

Synonyms

• (send forth, emit): ēmittō, mittō
• (throw, hurl): iaculor, lībrō, mittō

Derived terms

• abiciō
• adiciō
• amiciō
• circumiciō
• cōniciō

• dēiciō
• disiciō
• ēiciō
• iactō
• iaculum

• iaculus
• iniciō
• intericiō
• obiciō
• praeiciō

• prōiciō
• rēiciō
• subiciō
• superiaciō
• trāiciō

Related terms

• iaceō

Further reading

• jacio in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill

References

• iacio in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “iacio” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    
  • (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
    
  • (ambiguous) to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
    
  • (ambiguous) to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
    
  • (ambiguous) to discharge missiles: tela iacere, conicere, mittere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be out of range: extra teli iactum, coniectum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
    
  • (ambiguous) to drop anchor: ancoras iacere