kufuru

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See also: küfürü

Swahili

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic كُفْر (kufr).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Noun

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kufuru (n class, plural kufuru)

  1. blasphemy (irreverence toward something sacred)
  2. an instance of profanity (a swear word)

Verb

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-kufuru (infinitive kukufuru)

  1. to blaspheme or curse

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -kufuru
Positive present -nakufuru
Subjunctive -kufuru
Negative -kufuru
Imperative singular kufuru
Infinitives
Positive kukufuru
Negative kutokufuru
Imperatives
Singular kufuru
Plural kufuruni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukufuru
Positive past positive subject concord + -likufuru
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukufuru
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakufuru)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakufuru/nakufuru tunakufuru
2nd person unakufuru mnakufuru
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakufuru wanakufuru
other classes positive subject concord + -nakufuru
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kufuru)
Singular Plural
1st person sikufuru hatukufuru
2nd person hukufuru hamkufuru
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakufuru hawakufuru
other classes negative subject concord + -kufuru
Positive future positive subject concord + -takufuru
Negative future negative subject concord + -takufuru
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kufuru)
Singular Plural
1st person nikufuru tukufuru
2nd person ukufuru mkufuru
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akufuru wakufuru
other classes positive subject concord + -kufuru
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikufuru
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekufuru
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekufuru
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikufuru
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikufuru
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akufuru)
Singular Plural
1st person nakufuru twakufuru
2nd person wakufuru mwakufuru
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akufuru wakufuru
m-mi(III/IV) wakufuru yakufuru
ji-ma(V/VI) lakufuru yakufuru
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakufuru vyakufuru
n(IX/X) yakufuru zakufuru
u(XI) wakufuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakufuru
pa(XVI) pakufuru
mu(XVIII) mwakufuru
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekufuru
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakufuru
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakufuru
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikufuru
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokufuru
Consecutive kakufuru / positive subject concord + -kakufuru
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakufuru
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nikufuru -tukufuru
2nd person -kukufuru -wakufuru/-kukufuruni/-wakufuruni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkufuru -wakufuru
m-mi(III/IV) -ukufuru -ikufuru
ji-ma(V/VI) -likufuru -yakufuru
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikufuru -vikufuru
n(IX/X) -ikufuru -zikufuru
u(XI) -ukufuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kukufuru
pa(XVI) -pakufuru
mu(XVIII) -mukufuru
Reflexive -jikufuru
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kufuru- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -kufuruye -kufuruo
m-mi(III/IV) -kufuruo -kufuruyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -kufurulo -kufuruyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kufurucho -kufuruvyo
n(IX/X) -kufuruyo -kufuruzo
u(XI) -kufuruo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kufuruko
pa(XVI) -kufurupo
mu(XVIII) -kufurumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kufuru)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekufuru -okufuru
m-mi(III/IV) -okufuru -yokufuru
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokufuru -yokufuru
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokufuru -vyokufuru
n(IX/X) -yokufuru -zokufuru
u(XI) -okufuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokufuru
pa(XVI) -pokufuru
mu(XVIII) -mokufuru
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.