plāns
Latvian
Etymology 1
Borrowed from German Plan, which is itself a borrowing from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] French plan, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin planta (“sole of foot”), which is ultimately from the same stem as the adjective plāns (“thin”) below. This borrowing is first mentioned in 19th-century dictionaries.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
plāns m (1st declension)
- plan, map, blueprint, layout (a detailed drawing or scheme of an object, a building, a territory)
- skolas plāns ― plan, blueprint of the school
- dzīvokļa plāns ― plan, blueprint of the apartment
- parka, stadiona plāns ― plan of the park, of the stadium
- izstrādāt ēkas plānu ― to develop a plan for the building
- labojumi ciemata plānā ― corrections in the village plans
- plan, map (a drawing indicating the path of a movement, its direction, order, etc.)
- evakuācijas plāns ― evaculation plan
- ekspedīcijas pārvietošanās plāns ― expedition travel plan
- karaspēka virzības plāns ― troop advancement plan, map
- plan (a future event worked out in detail; the corresponding text or document)
- ražošanas plāns ― production plan
- ekonomiskās un sociālās attīstības kompleksais plāns ― a combined plan for economical and social development
- izstrādāt, nospraust, apstiprināt plānu ― to develop, to outline, to approve a plan
- nodrošināt plāna izspildi ― to ensure the execution of a plan
- veikt darbu saskaņā ar plānu ― to perform work according to plan
- plan (intention, idea, thoughts about the future realization of some course of action)
- nākotnes plāni ― plans (for) the future
- man galvā jaucas dažādi plāni: kā dzīvot tālāk, ko darīt... ― in my head various plans are mixed: how to live further, what to do...
- (of texts) plan (concise sequential formulation of the structure of a text)
- disertācijas plāns ― dissertation plan
- sacerējuma, romāana plāns ― essay, novel plan
- nolasīt lekcijas plānu ― to read the lecture plan
- plane (view from a certain standpoint, as a certain sphere of expression)
- nemanāmi cieši abās lugās kopā savijusies sociālais un individuālais plāns ― in both plays the social and individual planes are closely, seamlessly intertwined
- plane (location of an object or a part of it, depending on the viewer's vantage point)
- skatuves iekārtojumā izšķir trīs plānus: priekšējo, vidējo un dziļo plānu ― in the organization of a stage one distinguishes three planes: the front (= foreground), the middle (= midground) and the deep (= background) plane.
- plane (the frame at which a scene is filmed)
- dažreiz uzņemtā aina, epizode, atsevišķs plāns jāiemontē pavisam citā filma vietā, nekā scenārija bijis paredzēts ― sometimes the captured scene, episode, a different plan must be fitted at a completely different point in the movie than had been intended in the screenplay
- (usually in the locative, with pirmais (“first”), otrais (“second”), etc.) plane (level of importance)
- rakstnieks šo tēlu atstājis trēšajā plānā ― the writer left this image in the third plane
- kopš pašām pirmajām darba dienām skolotājas personīga dzīve attālinājās kaut kur otrajā plānā ― since the very first days of work, a schoolteacher's personal life is moved back somewhere into the second plane (= background)
- ja vairāk pirmajā plānā izvirzītos autora iecerētā doma, lugas pamatideja izrādē izskanētu vēl spēcīgāk, emocionālāk, pārliecinošāk ― if the author's intended thought had been put forward more in the first plane (= foreground), then the play's main idea would have sounded stronger, more emotional, more persuasive
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Baltic *planas, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *pelh-, *plā- (“to stretch out, wide”) with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -no-s. The semantic change probably was “to stretch out” > “to make thin by stretching” > “thin.” Cognates include Lithuanian plónas (“thin, delicate, rare”), Latin plānus (“flat, level; clear”), Hittite palẖi (“wide”).[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
plāns (definite plānais, comparative plānāks, superlative visplānākais, adverb plāni)
- (of leaf- or wall-like objects) thin (having a small cross section)
- plāns dēlis ― thin board, plank
- plāna siena ― thin wall
- plāns stikls, ledus ― thin glass, ice
- nogriezt plānu maizes šķēli ― to cut a thin slice of bread
- plāns kā papīrs ― thin as paper
- (of fabric, cloth) thin (with a small cross section; not thick, not dense, light, translucid)
- plāns audums ― thin fabric
- plāna šalle, blūze ― thin scarf, blouse
- (usually of hair, etc.) thin (such that its component parts are far from each other; syn. rets)
- plāni mati ― thin hair
- plānas uzacis ― thin eyebrows
- tur pie galdiņa sēdēja sirmgalvis ar pliku galvvidu un plāniem, baltiem matiem ― there at the little table an old man sat, with a bald top of head and thin, white hair
- deju starplaikos drūzma zāles vidū neko plānāka nekļuva ― the dancing crowd in the middle of the hall did not become any thinner
- (of food, drink) thin (not very nutritious, lean, rather liquid in consistency)
- plāna putra ― thin porridge
- plāna, ūdeņaina mērcīte ― thin, watery little sauce
- plāna sēņu zupa ― thin mushroom soup
- (of gases, smoke, fog) thin (not dense, not opaque)
- plāna dūmaka ― thin haze
- migla kļuva plānāka ― the mist became thinnner
- plāns dūmu stabiņš ― thin column of smoke
- aiz plānajiem mākoņiem peld nespodrs mēness ― behind thin clouds swam the dim moon
- (of people, their body parts) thin, weak
- plāns deguns ― thin nose
- plāna plauksta ― thin hand, palm (of hand)
- viņa sievas vaigi kļuvuši plānāki ― his wife's cheeks (had) become thinner
- (colloquial) thin, poor
- zivju tīklos pavisam maz; tomēr, neraugoties uz plānu lomu, komandai garastāvoklis ļoti labs ― there were very few fish in the nets; however, despite the thin, poor catch, the team's mood (was) very good
- (rare, of physical or psychological states) incomplete, weak
- šādā elektriskajā gaismā putna miegs ir plāns — under this electric light the bird's sleep is weak
- tikai smaids palika plānāks — only the smile became thinner, weaker
Declension
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | plāns | plāni | plāna | plānas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | plānu | plānus | plānu | plānas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | plāna | plānu | plānas | plānu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | plānam | plāniem | plānai | plānām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | plānu | plāniem | plānu | plānām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | plānā | plānos | plānā | plānās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 3
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Venetsianov_Threashing_Floor.jpg/250px-Venetsianov_Threashing_Floor.jpg)
A nominalized form of the adjective plāns (“thin”), with the etymological meaning of “flat” > “ground, floor.” The different intonation is the result of historical changes in the position of stress. Cognates include (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Lithuanian dialectal plānas (“floor”), standard form plónas (“thin, delicate, rare”), Old Prussian plonis (“floor, ground”), Vulgar Latin plānum (“plain, level ground”), Proto-Germanic *flōrus (“field, glade, ground, floor”) (Middle Low German vlōr (“floor, ground, meadow”), German Flur (“field, meadow, glade”), English floor.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
plāns m (1st declension)
- (dialectal) barn floor, threshing floor (syn. klons)
- rijas plāns ― barn floor
- virtuves plāns ― kitchen (earthen, clay) floor
- kambarītim nebija grīdas, tāpat kā istabai; bet plāns te izskatījas gludāks, tīrāks, sausāks, jo vistas netika iekšā ― the basement had no (log) floor, like the room; but the (clay, earth) floor there looked smoother, cleaner, drier, because there were no chickens inside
- ja man vēl šodien istabai kakti jāizslauka tikpat tīri kā plāna vidus, tad to man tika mācījusi pamāte ― if to this day I wipe the corners of my room as clean as the middle of the floor, then (it is because) my stepmother taught me (to do so)
Declension
Synonyms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “plāns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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