poro

See also: pōrõ, pōŗõ, and поро

Ainu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pòꜛɾó/

Adjective

poro (Kana spelling ポロ)

1. big, large, many, a lot of

   poro cise

   big house

   poro sayo

   A lot of porridge

Verb

poro (Kana spelling ポロ)

1. to be big, to become big

   e=poro yakun

   When you grow up

Antonyms

• pon

Derived terms

• poronno (“many”)

'Are'are

Noun

poro

1. husband

References

• Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

Asturian

Adverb

poro

1. therefore

Synonyms

• por eso

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈporo/
• Rhymes: -oro
• Hyphenation: po‧ro

Noun

poro (accusative singular poron, plural poroj, accusative plural porojn)

1. pore

Derived terms

• poroza

Estonian

poro Lapimaal (sense 1)

Etymology

Borrowed from Finnish poro by Estonian writer, folklorist, and translator August Annist in 1926.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈporo]
• Rhymes: -oro
• Hyphenation: po‧ro

Noun

poro (genitive poro, partitive poro or porot)

2. Eurasian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

   Hypernym: põhjapõder

   Coordinate term: karibu

4. (colloquial, ethnic slur) a Finn

   Synonyms: soomlane, (colloquial) somm, (colloquial, ethnic slur) põder

Declension

Declension of poro (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		poro	porod
accusative	nom.
	gen.	poro
genitive			porode
partitive		poro	porosid
illative		porro porosse	porodesse
inessive		poros	porodes
elative		porost	porodest
allative		porole	porodele
adessive		porol	porodel
ablative		porolt	porodelt
translative		poroks	porodeks
terminative		poroni	porodeni
essive		porona	porodena
abessive		porota	porodeta
comitative		poroga	porodega

Declension of poro (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		poro	porod
accusative	nom.
	gen.	poro
genitive			porode
partitive		porot	porosid
illative		porro porosse	porodesse
inessive		poros	porodes
elative		porost	porodest
allative		porole	porodele
adessive		porol	porodel
ablative		porolt	porodelt
translative		poroks	porodeks
terminative		poroni	porodeni
essive		porona	porodena
abessive		porota	porodeta
comitative		poroga	porodega

Compounds

• porokari
• porokasvataja
• porokasvatus
• poroliha
• pororakend
• porosamblik

References

• poro in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “poro”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈpo̞ro̞]
• Rhymes: -oro
• Syllabification^(key): po‧ro
• Hyphenation^(key): po‧ro

Etymology 1

In some way from Proto-Finno-Permic *počaw, probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *páću, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“livestock, especially sheep or cattle”). The regular inherited form would have been in **poto < Proto-Finnic **poto. Koivulehto (2007) suggests that r in place of expected t has developed by generalization from an old Northwestern dialect form *podoi, and the word was later loaned back to the more southern and eastern dialects. Kuokkala (2018) instead posits that the Finnic words could be borrowed from Samic, where the -r- would substitute for the affricate in the Sami etymon.

Noun

poro

1. reindeer (domesticated or semi-domesticated mountain reindeer, Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

   Hypernyms: tunturipeura, peura, hirvieläin

   Hyponyms: hirvas, vaadin

   Coordinate term: metsäpeura

Usage notes

• poro normally refers to tamed reindeer, while peura refers to a wild animal.

Declension

Inflection of poro (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		poro	porot
genitive		poron	porojen
partitive		poroa	poroja
illative		poroon	poroihin
		singular	plural
nominative		poro	porot
accusative	nom.	poro	porot
	gen.	poron
genitive		poron	porojen
partitive		poroa	poroja
inessive		porossa	poroissa
elative		porosta	poroista
illative		poroon	poroihin
adessive		porolla	poroilla
ablative		porolta	poroilta
allative		porolle	poroille
essive		porona	poroina
translative		poroksi	poroiksi
abessive		porotta	poroitta
instructive		—	poroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of poro (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative poroni poroni accusative nom. poroni poroni gen. poroni genitive poroni porojeni partitive poroani porojani inessive porossani poroissani elative porostani poroistani illative porooni poroihini adessive porollani poroillani ablative poroltani poroiltani allative porolleni poroilleni essive poronani poroinani translative porokseni poroikseni abessive porottani poroittani instructive — — comitative — poroineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative porosi porosi accusative nom. porosi porosi gen. porosi genitive porosi porojesi partitive poroasi porojasi inessive porossasi poroissasi elative porostasi poroistasi illative poroosi poroihisi adessive porollasi poroillasi ablative poroltasi poroiltasi allative porollesi poroillesi essive poronasi poroinasi translative poroksesi poroiksesi abessive porottasi poroittasi instructive — — comitative — poroinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative poromme poromme accusative nom. poromme poromme gen. poromme genitive poromme porojemme partitive poroamme porojamme inessive porossamme poroissamme elative porostamme poroistamme illative poroomme poroihimme adessive porollamme poroillamme ablative poroltamme poroiltamme allative porollemme poroillemme essive poronamme poroinamme translative poroksemme poroiksemme abessive porottamme poroittamme instructive — — comitative — poroinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative poronne poronne accusative nom. poronne poronne gen. poronne genitive poronne porojenne partitive poroanne porojanne inessive porossanne poroissanne elative porostanne poroistanne illative poroonne poroihinne adessive porollanne poroillanne ablative poroltanne poroiltanne allative porollenne poroillenne essive poronanne poroinanne translative poroksenne poroiksenne abessive porottanne poroittanne instructive — — comitative — poroinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative poronsa poronsa accusative nom. poronsa poronsa gen. poronsa genitive poronsa porojensa partitive poroaan poroansa porojaan porojansa inessive porossaan porossansa poroissaan poroissansa elative porostaan porostansa poroistaan poroistansa illative poroonsa poroihinsa adessive porollaan porollansa poroillaan poroillansa ablative poroltaan poroltansa poroiltaan poroiltansa allative porolleen porollensa poroilleen poroillensa essive poronaan poronansa poroinaan poroinansa translative porokseen poroksensa poroikseen poroiksensa abessive porottaan porottansa poroittaan poroittansa instructive — — comitative — poroineen poroinensa

Derived terms

• Porola

compounds

• ajoporo
• kilpaporo
• kytkyporo
• lukuporo
• merkkiporo
• pitoporo
• poroaita
• poroaitaus
• poroajot
• poroelo
• poroerotus
• porohirvas
• porohärkä
• poroisäntä
• porokanta
• porokarja
• porokiiliäinen
• porokoira
• porokolari
• porokuninkuusajo
• porolappalainen
• porolauma
• poromerkki
• poromies
• poronhoito
• poronhoitoalue
• poronhoitopiiri
• poronjuusto
• poronjäkälä
• poronkieli
• poronkusema
• poronkäristys
• poronliha
• poronluu
• poronomistaja
• poronpaisti
• poronsarvi
• poronvaljaat
• poropaimen
• poropaliskunta
• poropizza
• Poropudas
• pororaito
• pororeki
• porosaamelainen
• porosuoja
• porotalous
• porotila
• porotokka
• porovahinko
• porovaljakko
• savuporo
• takkaporo
• teurasporo
• tunturiporo
• vetoporo

Descendants

• → Estonian: poro

Further reading

• “1. poro”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *poro (compare Ingrian poro, Karelian poro, Ludian poro, Veps poro, Votic poro).

Noun

poro

1. (usually in the plural) grounds (e.g. coffee grounds)
2. (chiefly in the plural) ashes

   Piipunporot aiheuttivat metsäpalon.

   Pipe ashes caused a forest fire.

   palaa poroksi ― to burn into ashes (intransitive)

   polttaa poroksi ― to burn into ashes (transitive)

Declension

Inflection of poro (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		poro	porot
genitive		poron	porojen
partitive		poroa	poroja
illative		poroon	poroihin
		singular	plural
nominative		poro	porot
accusative	nom.	poro	porot
	gen.	poron
genitive		poron	porojen
partitive		poroa	poroja
inessive		porossa	poroissa
elative		porosta	poroista
illative		poroon	poroihin
adessive		porolla	poroilla
ablative		porolta	poroilta
allative		porolle	poroille
essive		porona	poroina
translative		poroksi	poroiksi
abessive		porotta	poroitta
instructive		—	poroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of poro (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative poroni poroni accusative nom. poroni poroni gen. poroni genitive poroni porojeni partitive poroani porojani inessive porossani poroissani elative porostani poroistani illative porooni poroihini adessive porollani poroillani ablative poroltani poroiltani allative porolleni poroilleni essive poronani poroinani translative porokseni poroikseni abessive porottani poroittani instructive — — comitative — poroineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative porosi porosi accusative nom. porosi porosi gen. porosi genitive porosi porojesi partitive poroasi porojasi inessive porossasi poroissasi elative porostasi poroistasi illative poroosi poroihisi adessive porollasi poroillasi ablative poroltasi poroiltasi allative porollesi poroillesi essive poronasi poroinasi translative poroksesi poroiksesi abessive porottasi poroittasi instructive — — comitative — poroinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative poromme poromme accusative nom. poromme poromme gen. poromme genitive poromme porojemme partitive poroamme porojamme inessive porossamme poroissamme elative porostamme poroistamme illative poroomme poroihimme adessive porollamme poroillamme ablative poroltamme poroiltamme allative porollemme poroillemme essive poronamme poroinamme translative poroksemme poroiksemme abessive porottamme poroittamme instructive — — comitative — poroinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative poronne poronne accusative nom. poronne poronne gen. poronne genitive poronne porojenne partitive poroanne porojanne inessive porossanne poroissanne elative porostanne poroistanne illative poroonne poroihinne adessive porollanne poroillanne ablative poroltanne poroiltanne allative porollenne poroillenne essive poronanne poroinanne translative poroksenne poroiksenne abessive porottanne poroittanne instructive — — comitative — poroinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative poronsa poronsa accusative nom. poronsa poronsa gen. poronsa genitive poronsa porojensa partitive poroaan poroansa porojaan porojansa inessive porossaan porossansa poroissaan poroissansa elative porostaan porostansa poroistaan poroistansa illative poroonsa poroihinsa adessive porollaan porollansa poroillaan poroillansa ablative poroltaan poroltansa poroiltaan poroiltansa allative porolleen porollensa poroilleen poroillensa essive poronaan poronansa poroinaan poroinansa translative porokseen poroksensa poroikseen poroiksensa abessive porottaan porottansa poroittaan poroittansa instructive — — comitative — poroineen poroinensa

Derived terms

• poroinen
• Porola

compounds

• kahvinporo
• piipunporo
• poroistaennustaja
• poropeukalo
• teenporo

Further reading

• “2. poro”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Anagrams

• orpo, ropo

Galician

Etymology

Attested since 1409. From Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɔɾʊ]

Noun

poro m (plural poros)

1. pore (a tiny opening in the skin)
2. pore (any small opening)
   • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 151:

     et esto asy posto amansa a door et abre os poros et faz as huñas humidas para se tallaren mellor

     and this, put like that, tames the pain and opens the pores and makes the hoof moist so it can be cut easily

Derived terms

• poroso

References

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “poros”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “poro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “poro”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “poro”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Further reading

• “poro”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Ido

Noun

poro (plural pori)

1. pore

Derived terms

• poroza

Ilocano

Noun

poro

1. island

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *poro. Cognates include Finnish poro and Veps poro.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈpo̞ro̞ˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈpo̞ro̞ˑ]
• Rhymes: -oro
• Hyphenation: po‧ro

Noun

poro

1. litter, waste

Declension

Declension of poro (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	poro	porot
genitive	poron	porroin, poroloin
partitive	porroa	poroja, poroloja
illative	porroo	porroi, poroloihe
inessive	poros	porois, porolois
elative	porost	poroist, poroloist
allative	porolle	poroille, poroloille
adessive	porol	poroil, poroloil
ablative	porolt	poroilt, poroloilt
translative	poroks	poroiks, poroloiks
essive	poronna, porroon	poroinna, poroloinna, porroin, poroloin
exessive1)	poront	poroint, poroloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 424

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɔ.ro/
• Rhymes: -ɔro
• Hyphenation: pò‧ro

Etymology 1

From Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).

Noun

poro m (plural pori)

1. pore (of the body, a rock, etc.)

Derived terms

• nanoporo
• poroso

Etymology 2

Clipping of povero.

Adjective

poro (feminine pora, masculine plural pori, feminine plural pore)

1. (dialectal, Romanesco) alternative form of povero

Related terms

• porello

Further reading

• poro in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• opro, oprò

Mansaka

Etymology

From pulo, akin to Malay pulau.

Noun

poro

1. island

Maori

Etymology 1

From Proto-Oceanic *polos (“to cut across, to sever”). Compare Samoan polo.

Verb

poro (passive poroa)

1. to break, to cut off

   Synonym: motu

2. to amputate, to behead

   Synonyms: tapa, tapahi

3. to shorten, to abbreviate
4. to finish

Noun

poro

1. butt or end of a rod, stick etc

   Synonym: pito

   poroiwi ― sacrum

2. block, slab (from cutting elongated object)

   poro rākau ― log

Adjective

poro

1. broken off

Derived terms

• kōporo
• porohanga
• porokere
• poroporo
• porotaka
• pōtaka
• whakaporo

Etymology 2

Compare also with Rarotongan poro (“heel”) and Tahitian poro (“heel, elbow”); maybe related to sense of “butt or end of stick” in Etymology 1. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

poro

1. anything with a rounded or curvy surface
   1. ball

See also

• piko

Derived terms

• poroporo
• porotaka
• porowhita

Etymology 3

From Proto-Polynesian *polo; cognate with Hawaiian pōpolo, Tongan polo (“deadly nightshade, Solanum nigrum”), Fijian boro, Tuvaluan 'opolo (“capsicum”).

Noun

poro

1. any kind of Solanum plant

Derived terms

• pōporo (“Solanum laciniatum”)
• poroporo (“Solanum aviculare”)

Further reading

• Williams, Herbert William (1917), “poro”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 343
• “poro” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Nyishi

Alternative forms

• porok, poruk

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *rok, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-rak.

Noun

porò

1. fowl, chicken or cock

References

• P. T. Abraham (2005), A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎^[3], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Polabian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bàra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔˈrɔ/

Noun

poro f

1. swamp, marsh, bog; dung, dirt

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

References

• Polański, Kazimierz (1976), “poro”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 4 (perĕt – ŕotťǝ), Wrocław; Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 550
• Polański, Kazimierz; James Allen Sehnert (1967), “poro”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 113

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɔ.rɔ/
• Rhymes: -ɔrɔ
• Syllabification: po‧ro

Noun

poro f

1. vocative singular of pora

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɔ.ɾu/

• Hyphenation: po‧ro

Noun

poro m (plural poros)

1. pore (a tiny opening in the skin)
2. pore (any small opening)

Derived terms

• poroso
• porejar

Further reading

• “poro”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “poro”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Rapa Nui

Noun

poro

1. pavement of water-worn stones in front of an ahu

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpoɾo/ [ˈpo.ɾo]
• Rhymes: -oɾo
• Syllabification: po‧ro

Noun

poro m (plural poros)

1. pore (a tiny opening in the skin)
2. pore (any small opening)

Derived terms

• microporo
• poroso

Further reading

• “poro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Toba Batak

Etymology

From Proto-Batak *pərəh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəʀəq.

Verb

poro

1. to wring, to squeeze
2. to milk

References

• Warneck, J. (1906). Tobabataksch-Deutsches Wörterbuch. Batavia: Landesdrukkerij, p. 154.

Tok Pisin

Noun

poro

1. acquaintance

Derived terms

• poroman

See also

• pren

Venetan

Alternative forms

• poaro, povaro, pore

Etymology

From Latin pauper, pauperem. Compare Italian povero.

Adjective

poro (feminine singular pora, masculine plural pori, feminine plural pore)

1. poor

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *poro.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈporo/, [ˈporo]
• Rhymes: -oro
• Hyphenation: po‧ro

Noun

poro

1. lye (alkaline liquid)

Inflection

Declension of poro (type II/võrkko, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	poro	porod
genitive	poro	porojõ, poroi
partitive	porroa	poroitõ, poroi
illative	porrosõ, porro	poroisõ
inessive	poroz	poroiz
elative	porossõ	poroissõ
allative	porolõ	poroilõ
adessive	porollõ	poroillõ
ablative	poroltõ	poroiltõ
translative	porossi	poroissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “poro”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn