shtua

Swahili

Alternative forms

• -stua

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

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Verb

-shtua (infinitive kushtua)

1. to shock, startle

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shtua
Positive present -nashtua Subjunctive -shtue Negative -shtui Imperative singular shtua
Infinitives
Positive kushtua Negative kutoshtua
Imperatives
Singular shtua Plural shtueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushtua Positive past positive subject concord + -lishtua Negative past negative subject concord + -kushtua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashtua) Singular Plural 1st person ninashtua/nashtua tunashtua 2nd person unashtua mnashtua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashtua wanashtua other classes positive subject concord + -nashtua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shtui) Singular Plural 1st person sishtui hatushtui 2nd person hushtui hamshtui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashtui hawashtui other classes negative subject concord + -shtui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashtua Negative future negative subject concord + -tashtua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shtue) Singular Plural 1st person nishtue tushtue 2nd person ushtue mshtue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtue washtue other classes positive subject concord + -shtue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishtue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshtua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshtua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishtua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishtua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashtua) Singular Plural 1st person nashtua twashtua 2nd person washtua mwashtua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtua washtua m-mi(III/IV) washtua yashtua ji-ma(V/VI) lashtua yashtua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashtua vyashtua n(IX/X) yashtua zashtua u(XI) washtua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashtua pa(XVI) pashtua mu(XVIII) mwashtua
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshtua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashtua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashtua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishtua "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhtua Consecutive kashtua / positive subject concord + -kashtua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashtue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishtua -tushtua 2nd person -kushtua -washtua/-kushtueni/-washtueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshtua -washtua m-mi(III/IV) -ushtua -ishtua ji-ma(V/VI) -lishtua -yashtua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishtua -vishtua n(IX/X) -ishtua -zishtua u(XI) -ushtua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushtua pa(XVI) -pashtua mu(XVIII) -mushtua Reflexive -jishtua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shtua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shtuaye -shtuao m-mi(III/IV) -shtuao -shtuayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shtualo -shtuayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shtuacho -shtuavyo n(IX/X) -shtuayo -shtuazo u(XI) -shtuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shtuako pa(XVI) -shtuapo mu(XVIII) -shtuamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shtua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshtua -oshtua m-mi(III/IV) -oshtua -yoshtua ji-ma(V/VI) -loshtua -yoshtua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshtua -vyoshtua n(IX/X) -yoshtua -zoshtua u(XI) -oshtua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshtua pa(XVI) -poshtua mu(XVIII) -moshtua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -shtulia
  • Causative: -shtusha
  • Stative: -shtuka