stemma

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στέμμα (stémma).

Noun

stemma (plural stemmata or stemmas)

1. A family tree or recorded genealogy
2. In the study of stemmatics, a diagram showing the relationship of a text to its manuscripts
3. One of the types of simple eyes in arthropods

Related terms

• stemma codicum
• stemmatics

---

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstemːɑ/, [ˈs̠t̪e̞mːɑ]
• Rhymes: -emːɑ
• Syllabification: stem‧ma

Noun

stemma

1. (music) part, voice; harmony (melody played or sung by a particular instrument, voice, or group of instruments or voices, within a polyphonic piece)

   laulaa stemmoja

   to sing harmonies

Declension

Inflection of stemma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		stemma	stemmat
genitive		stemman	stemmojen
partitive		stemmaa	stemmoja
illative		stemmaan	stemmoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		stemma	stemmat
accusative	nom.	stemma	stemmat
	gen.	stemman
genitive		stemman	stemmojen stemmainrare
partitive		stemmaa	stemmoja
inessive		stemmassa	stemmoissa
elative		stemmasta	stemmoista
illative		stemmaan	stemmoihin
adessive		stemmalla	stemmoilla
ablative		stemmalta	stemmoilta
allative		stemmalle	stemmoille
essive		stemmana	stemmoina
translative		stemmaksi	stemmoiksi
instructive		—	stemmoin
abessive		stemmatta	stemmoitta
comitative		—	stemmoineen

Possessive forms of stemma (type kala)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	stemmani	stemmamme
2nd person	stemmasi	stemmanne
3rd person	stemmansa

Derived terms

• stemmaharjoitus
• stemmalaulu

Anagrams

• sammet

---

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɛmːa/
• Rhymes: -ɛmːa

Etymology 1

From Old Norse stemma (“to halt, to dam”), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Compare Swedish stämma (“to block”), Old English gistemen (“to restrain”), English stem and English stammer.

Verb

stemma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative stemmdi, supine stemmt)

1. to stop, block, stem

Conjugation

stemma — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að stemma
supine (sagnbót)		stemmt
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		stemmandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég stemmi	við stemmum	present (nútíð)	ég stemmi	við stemmum
	þú stemmir	þið stemmið		þú stemmir	þið stemmið
	hann, hún, það stemmir	þeir, þær, þau stemma		hann, hún, það stemmi	þeir, þær, þau stemmi
past (þátíð)	ég stemmdi	við stemmdum	past (þátíð)	ég stemmdi	við stemmdum
	þú stemmdir	þið stemmduð		þú stemmdir	þið stemmduð
	hann, hún, það stemmdi	þeir, þær, þau stemmdu		hann, hún, það stemmdi	þeir, þær, þau stemmdu
imperative (boðháttur)	stemm (þú)	stemmið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	stemmdu	stemmiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

stemmdur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	stemmdur	stemmd	stemmt		stemmdir	stemmdar	stemmd
accusative (þolfall)	stemmdan	stemmda	stemmt		stemmda	stemmdar	stemmd
dative (þágufall)	stemmdum	stemmdri	stemmdu		stemmdum	stemmdum	stemmdum
genitive (eignarfall)	stemmds	stemmdrar	stemmds		stemmdra	stemmdra	stemmdra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	stemmdi	stemmda	stemmda		stemmdu	stemmdu	stemmdu
accusative (þolfall)	stemmda	stemmdu	stemmda		stemmdu	stemmdu	stemmdu
dative (þágufall)	stemmda	stemmdu	stemmda		stemmdu	stemmdu	stemmdu
genitive (eignarfall)	stemmda	stemmdu	stemmda		stemmdu	stemmdu	stemmdu

Synonyms

• (stop): stífla

Derived terms

• stemma stigu við
• stemmdur

Etymology 2

Derived from the verb stemma (1) or the related adjective stamur, which shows variation between -m- and -mm- in the stem; compare Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐍃 (stamms).

Noun

stemma f (genitive singular stemmu, nominative plural stemmur)

1. dam
2. stiffness
3. moistness

Declension

declension of stemma

f-w1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	stemma	stemman	stemmur	stemmurnar
accusative	stemmu	stemmuna	stemmur	stemmurnar
dative	stemmu	stemmunni	stemmum	stemmunum
genitive	stemmu	stemmunnar	stemma	stemmanna

Etymology 3

From Danish stemme, from Middle Low German stemmen. Related to stemma (“melody [for a ballad]”) (4).

Verb

stemma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative stemmdi, supine stemmt)

1. to fit, to agree (with something), to correspond (to something), to coincide
2. (music, of an instrument) to be in tune
3. (music) to tune (an instrument)

Conjugation

stemmja — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að stemmja
supine (sagnbót)		stammið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		stemmjandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég stemm	við stemmjum	present (nútíð)	ég stemmji	við stemmjum
	þú stemmur	þið stemmjið		þú stemmjir	þið stemmjið
	hann, hún, það stemmur	þeir, þær, þau stemmja		hann, hún, það stemmji	þeir, þær, þau stemmji
past (þátíð)	ég stammdi	við stömmdum	past (þátíð)	ég stemmdi	við stemmdum
	þú stammdir	þið stömmduð		þú stemmdir	þið stemmduð
	hann, hún, það stammdi	þeir, þær, þau stömmdu		hann, hún, það stemmdi	þeir, þær, þau stemmdu
imperative (boðháttur)	stemm (þú)	stemmjið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	stemmdu	stemmjiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

stamminn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	stamminn	stammin	stammið		stammdir	stammdar	stammin
accusative (þolfall)	stamminn	stammda	stammið		stammda	stammdar	stammin
dative (þágufall)	stömmdum	stamminni	stömmdu		stömmdum	stömmdum	stömmdum
genitive (eignarfall)	stammins	stamminnar	stammins		stamminna	stamminna	stamminna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	stammdi	stammda	stammda		stömmdu	stömmdu	stömmdu
accusative (þolfall)	stammda	stömmdu	stammda		stömmdu	stömmdu	stömmdu
dative (þágufall)	stammda	stömmdu	stammda		stömmdu	stömmdu	stömmdu
genitive (eignarfall)	stammda	stömmdu	stammda		stömmdu	stömmdu	stömmdu

Synonyms

• (fit, agree with): koma heim, koma heim og saman, passa
• (tune): stilla

Etymology 4

From Danish stemme (“voice; musical part; vote”).

Noun

stemma f (genitive singular stemmu, nominative plural stemmur)

1. (obsolete) a musical voice or sound
2. a melody, generally for ballads (rímur)
3. (obsolete) vote (instance of participating in a formalized choice by a group)

Declension

declension of stemma

f-w1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	stemma	stemman	stemmur	stemmurnar
accusative	stemmu	stemmuna	stemmur	stemmurnar
dative	stemmu	stemmunni	stemmum	stemmunum
genitive	stemmu	stemmunnar	stemma	stemmanna

Etymology 5

From Latin stemma (“garland, wreath; pedigree, family tree”), from Ancient Greek στέμμα (stémma, “garland, wreath”).

Noun

stemma n (genitive singular stemma, nominative plural stemmu)

1. (stemmatics) stemma (diagram showing the relationship of variants of a text)

Declension

declension of stemma

n-w	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	stemma	stemmað	stemmu	stemmun
accusative	stemma	stemmað	stemmu	stemmun
dative	stemma	stemmanu	stemmum	stemmunum
genitive	stemma	stemmans	stemma	stemmanna

References

• “stemma” in: Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, 1st edition, 2nd printing (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans.

---

Italian

Etymology

From Latin stemma, from Ancient Greek στέμμα (stémma).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: stèm‧ma

Noun

stemma m (plural stemmi)

1. coat of arms, scutcheon, charge

---

Latin

FWOTD – 1 July 2015

Alternative forms

• stegma, stigma (medieval)

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek στέμμα (stémma).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈstem.ma/, [ˈst̪ɛm.ma]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈstem.ma/, [ˈst̪ɛm.ma]

Noun

stemma n (genitive stemmatis); third declension

1. (post-classical, in general) a garland or wreath
2. (post-Augustan, in particular) a garland hung upon an ancestral image
   1. (transferred sense) a pedigree, geneagram, or family tree
      1. (figuratively) nobility, honoured pedigree, august lineage

         argentī fūmōsa suī stemmata nārrāre

         (please add an English translation of this usage example)

         to tell the smoky nobility of his silverware

      2. (Medieval Latin) a crown

         ā stemmate ūsque subūculam cultū rēgālī exūtī

         (please add an English translation of this usage example)

      3. (Medieval Latin) wergeld
   2. (Medieval Latin) a kinsman, a blood-relative

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	stemma	stemmata
Genitive	stemmatis	stemmatum
Dative	stemmatī	stemmatibus
Accusative	stemma	stemmata
Ablative	stemmate	stemmatibus
Vocative	stemma	stemmata

Descendants

• English: stemma
• Italian: stemma

References

• stemma in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• stemma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, page 1,476/3
• “stemma” on page 1,817/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “stemma”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 991/1

---

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

stemma f

1. definite singular of stemme

Verb

stemma (present tense stemmer, past tense stemde or stemte, past participle stemt, present participle stemmande, imperative stem)

1. Alternative form of stemme