togwa

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Swahili

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Etymology 1

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Swahili Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sw

Noun

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togwa (n class, plural togwa)

  1. a sweet, unfermented beverage, traditionally made from sorghum

Etymology 2

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See -toga.

Verb

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-togwa (infinitive kutogwa)

  1. Passive form of -toga
Conjugation
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Conjugation of -togwa
Positive present -natogwa
Subjunctive -togwe
Negative -togwi
Imperative singular togwa
Infinitives
Positive kutogwa
Negative kutotogwa
Imperatives
Singular togwa
Plural togweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutogwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -litogwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kutogwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natogwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninatogwa/natogwa tunatogwa
2nd person unatogwa mnatogwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatogwa wanatogwa
other classes positive subject concord + -natogwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -togwi)
Singular Plural
1st person sitogwi hatutogwi
2nd person hutogwi hamtogwi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatogwi hawatogwi
other classes negative subject concord + -togwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatogwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -tatogwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -togwe)
Singular Plural
1st person nitogwe tutogwe
2nd person utogwe mtogwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atogwe watogwe
other classes positive subject concord + -togwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitogwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetogwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetogwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitogwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitogwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atogwa)
Singular Plural
1st person natogwa twatogwa
2nd person watogwa mwatogwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atogwa watogwa
m-mi(III/IV) watogwa yatogwa
ji-ma(V/VI) latogwa yatogwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatogwa vyatogwa
n(IX/X) yatogwa zatogwa
u(XI) watogwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwatogwa
pa(XVI) patogwa
mu(XVIII) mwatogwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -metogwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshatogwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatogwa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kitogwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipotogwa
Consecutive katogwa / positive subject concord + -katogwa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katogwe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nitogwa -tutogwa
2nd person -kutogwa -watogwa/-kutogweni/-watogweni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtogwa -watogwa
m-mi(III/IV) -utogwa -itogwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -litogwa -yatogwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitogwa -vitogwa
n(IX/X) -itogwa -zitogwa
u(XI) -utogwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kutogwa
pa(XVI) -patogwa
mu(XVIII) -mutogwa
Reflexive -jitogwa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -togwa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -togwaye -togwao
m-mi(III/IV) -togwao -togwayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -togwalo -togwayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -togwacho -togwavyo
n(IX/X) -togwayo -togwazo
u(XI) -togwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -togwako
pa(XVI) -togwapo
mu(XVIII) -togwamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -togwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yetogwa -otogwa
m-mi(III/IV) -otogwa -yotogwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lotogwa -yotogwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotogwa -vyotogwa
n(IX/X) -yotogwa -zotogwa
u(XI) -otogwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kotogwa
pa(XVI) -potogwa
mu(XVIII) -motogwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.