tribunal

See also: Tribunal and tribunál

English

Etymology

PIE word
*tréyes

From Old French tribunal, from Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”), from tribus (“tribe”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /tɹaɪˈbjunəl/, /tɹəˈbjunəl/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /tɹaɪˈbjuːnəl/, /tɹɪˈbjuːnəl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːnəl

Noun

tribunal (plural tribunals)

1. (law) An assembly including one or more judges to conduct judicial business; a court of law.

   Synonyms: court, judicatory; see also Thesaurus:court of law

   • 1611, Thomas Coryate, Coryat's Crudities hastily gobbled up in Five Months Travels in France, Italy, &c:

     Having now so amply declared unto thee most of the principal things of this thrice-renowned and illustrious city, I will briefly by way of an epitome mention most of the other particulars thereof, and so finally shut up this narration: there are reported to be in Venice and the circumjacent islands two hundred churches in which are one hundred forth-three pairs of organs, fifty-four monasteries, twenty-six nunneries, fifty-six tribunals or places of judgment, seventeen hospitals, six companies or fraternities, whereof I have before spoken; one hundred and sixty-five marble statues of worthy personages, partly equestrial, partly pedestrial, which are erected in sundry places of the city, to the honour of those that either at home have prudently administered the commonweal, or abroad valiantly fought for the same.

2. (Philippines, historical) A kind of village hall used to transact business, to quarter troops and travellers, and to confine prisoners.

Derived terms

• drumhead tribunal
• employment tribunal
• industrial tribunal
• military tribunal
• subtribunal
• tribunal of first instance

Translations

assembly including one or more judges to conduct judicial business

• Albanian: gjykatë (sq) f
• Arabic: مَحْكَمَة (ar) f (maḥkama)
• Armenian: դատարան (hy) (dataran), տրիբունալ (hy) (tribunal)
• Azerbaijani: məhkəmə (az), tribunal (az)
• Belarusian: трыбуна́л m (trybunál), суд m (sud)
• Bengali: আদালত (bn) (adalot), ট্রাইব্যুনাল (ṭraibbunal)
• Bulgarian: трибуна́л (bg) m (tribunál), съд (bg) m (săd)
• Burmese: တရားရုံး (my) (ta.ra:rum:)
• Catalan: tribunal (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 仲裁庭 (zh) (zhòngcáitíng), 審裁處 / 审裁处 (zh) (shěncái chù) (Hong Kong)

• Czech: tribunál m, soud (cs) m
• Danish: tribunal n
• Dutch: tribunaal (nl) n
• Egyptian: (ḏꜣḏꜣt f)
• Esperanto: tribunalo
• Estonian: tribunal (et)
• Finnish: tribunaali (fi)
• French: tribunal (fr) m
• Galician: tribunal (gl) m
• Georgian: ტრიბუნალი (ṭribunali)
• German: Tribunal (de) n, Gerichtshof (de) m, Gericht (de) n
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌻𐍃 m (stauastōls)
• Greek: δικαστήριο (el) n (dikastírio)
• Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין (he) m (bet dín)
• Hindi: अधिकरण (hi) m (adhikraṇ), अदालत (hi) f (adālat), न्यायालय (hi) m (nyāyālay), ट्रिब्यूनल m (ṭribyūnal)
• Hungarian: bíróság (hu)
• Indonesian: tribunal (id), mahkamah (id)
• Irish: binse breithimh m
• Italian: tribunale (it) m
• Japanese: 法廷 (ja) (ほうてい, hōtei)
• Kazakh: трибунал (trıybuwnal)
• Khmer: តុលាការ (km) (tolaakaa)
• Korean: 법정(法廷) (ko) (beopjeong)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: dadgeh (ku) f, mehkeme (ku) f

• Kyrgyz: трибунал (ky) (tribunal)
• Lao: ສານ (lo) (sān)
• Latvian: tribunāls m
• Lithuanian: tribunolas m
• Macedonian: трибуна́л m (tribunál), суд (mk) m (sud)
• Malay: tribunal, mahkamah (ms)
• Māori: taraipiunara
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: tribunal n

• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: مَحْکَمِه (mahkame), دیوان (fa) (divân)

• Polish: trybunał (pl) m, sąd (pl) m
• Portuguese: tribunal (pt) m
• Romanian: tribunal (ro) n
• Russian: трибуна́л (ru) m (tribunál), суд (ru) m (sud)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: трибу̀на̄л m, су̑д m

  Latin: tribùnāl (sh) m, sȗd (sh) m

• Slovak: tribunál m, súd m
• Slovene: razsodišče n, sodišče n, tribunal m (literary)
• Spanish: tribunal (es) m
• Swedish: tribunal (sv) c
• Tajik: трибунал (tribunal), маҳкама (mahkama), суд (sud), девон (devon)
• Thai: คณะตุลาการ (ká-ná-dtù-laa-gaan), ศาล (th) (sǎan)
• Turkish: mahkeme (tr)
• Ukrainian: трибуна́л m (trybunál), суд (uk) m (sud)
• Urdu: ٹِرِیبْیُونَل m (ṭirībyūnal), عَدالَت f ('adālat)
• Uzbek: tribunal (uz)
• Vietnamese: toà án (vi)

Anagrams

• anti-blur, turbinal, untribal

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Central, Northwestern) [tɾi.βuˈnal]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [tɾi.buˈnal]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunals)

1. tribunal

Further reading

• “tribunal”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʁi.by.nal/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

  (file)

Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunaux)

1. tribunal
2. (law) court, court of law

   Synonym: cour

Further reading

• “tribunal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch tribunaal, from French tribunal, from Old French tribunal, from Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /triˈbunal/ [t̪riˈbu.nal]
• Rhymes: -unal
• Syllabification: tri‧bu‧nal

Noun

tribunal (plural tribunal-tribunal)

1. tribunal

Derived terms

• tribunal gerejawi
• tribunal imbauan

Related terms

• tribun
• tribune

Further reading

• “tribunal”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Ladin

Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunai)

1. tribunal

Latin

Alternative forms

• tribūnāle (rare)

Etymology

Neuter gender of supposed adjective *tribūnālis, from tribūnus (“tribune”), from tribus (“tribe”). Equivalently, tribūnus +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [trɪˈbuː.naɫ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [triˈbuː.nal]

Noun

tribūnal n (genitive tribūnālis); third declension

1. a raised semicircular or square platform, on which the seats of magistrates were placed; tribunal, judgment seat, dais, camp platform
   • 27 - 25 BC . Ab Urbe Condita, Titus Livius, II, Chapter XII.

     Ubi eo venit, in confertissima turba prope regium tribunal constitit.

     When he came there, he was standing in the crammed crowd, near the king's tribunal.

2. cenotaph
3. (metonymic) a court of law, tribunal; judgment
4. (by extension) any platform used for purposes other than above
5. (by extension) mound, dam, embankment
6. (figuratively) height, greatness

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, pure i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	tribūnal	tribūnālia
genitive	tribūnālis	tribūnālium
dative	tribūnālī	tribūnālibus
accusative	tribūnal	tribūnālia
ablative	tribūnālī	tribūnālibus
vocative	tribūnal	tribūnālia

Related terms

• tribuārius
• tribūlis
• tribūnātus
• tribūnīcius
• tribūnus
• tribuō
• tribus
• tribūtārius
• tribūtim
• tribūtiō
• tribūtor
• tribūtōrius
• tribūtum
• tribūtus

Descendants

• Catalan: tribunal
• English: tribunal
• French: tribunal
• Galician: tribunal
• Italian: tribunale
• Portuguese: tribunal
• Romanian: tribunal
• Russian: трибуна́л (tribunál)
• Serbo-Croatian: tribunal
• Sicilian: tribbunali
• Spanish: tribunal

References

• “tribunal”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tribunal”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "tribunal", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “tribunal”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “tribunal”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “tribunal”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Old French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin tribūnal.

Noun

tribunal oblique singular, m (oblique plural tribunaus or tribunax or tribunals, nominative singular tribunaus or tribunax or tribunals, nominative plural tribunal)

1. tribunal; court

Adjective

tribunal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular tribunale)

1. of or relating to a tribunal

Descendants

• → English: tribunal
• French: tribunal

Piedmontese

Alternative forms

• tribünal

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tribyˈnal/

Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunaj)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin tribūnal.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tɾi.buˈnaw/ [tɾi.buˈnaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾi.buˈnal/ [tɾi.βuˈnaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾi.buˈnal/ [tɾi.βuˈnaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾi.buˈna.li/

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al, -aw
• Hyphenation: tri‧bu‧nal

Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunais)

1. court
2. tribunal

Further reading

• “tribunal”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “tribunal” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “tribunal”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French tribunal or Latin tribunal.

Noun

tribunal n (plural tribunale)

1. tribunal, courthouse

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	tribunal	tribunalul	tribunale	tribunalele
genitive-dative	tribunal	tribunalului	tribunale	tribunalelor
vocative	tribunalule		tribunalelor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tribǔnaːl/
• Hyphenation: tri‧bu‧nal

Noun

tribùnāl m inan (Cyrillic spelling трибу̀на̄л)

1. tribunal

Declension

Declension of tribunal

	singular	plural
nominative	tribùnāl	tribunali
genitive	tribunala	tribunála
dative	tribunalu	tribunalima
accusative	tribunal	tribunale
vocative	tribunale	tribunali
locative	tribunalu	tribunalima
instrumental	tribunalom	tribunalima

References

• “tribunal”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾibuˈnal/ [t̪ɾi.β̞uˈnal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: tri‧bu‧nal

Noun

tribunal m (plural tribunales)

1. court
   • 2025 July 7, Sophie Tanno, “Aumentan los llamados para prohibir al partido ultraderechista AfD en Alemania, pese a su creciente popularidad”, in CNN en Español‎^[1]:

     Varios intentos —en 2003, 2016 y 2021— de prohibir al ultraderechista Partido Nacional Democrático de Alemania (NPD) fracasaron. Aunque en 2017 el tribunal reconoció abiertamente que el partido era inconstitucional, concluyó que no representaba una amenaza significativa para el orden constitucional. En enero de 2024, el tribunal aprobó congelar la financiación estatal del NPD por seis años.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. tribunal

Hyponyms

• tribunal civil
• tribunal constitucional
• tribunal de justicia
• tribunal militar
• Tribunal Prostitucional
• tribunal testamentario

Derived terms

• sala de tribunales
• Tribunal de Cuentas
• tribunal de menores
• Tribunal Tutelar de Menores

See also

• juzgado
• corte
• juicio

Further reading

• “tribunal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Swedish

Noun

tribunal c

1. tribunal
2. (European Union) the General Court

   I stadgan får det föreskrivas att tribunalen skall biträdas av generaladvokater.

   The Statute may provide for the General Court to be assisted by Advocates-General.

   en ledamot av tribunalen

   a member of the General Court

Declension

Declension of tribunal

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	tribunal	tribunals
	definite	tribunalen	tribunalens
plural	indefinite	tribunaler	tribunalers
	definite	tribunalerna	tribunalernas

Derived terms

• krigsförbrytartribunal
• militärtribunal
• revolutionstribunal

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tribunal.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /tɾibuˈnal/ [t̪ɾɪ.bʊˈn̪al]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: tri‧bu‧nal

Noun

tribunál (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜈᜎ᜔)

1. tribunal; court

   Synonyms: korte, hukuman, husgado