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See also:
U+6398, 掘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6398

[U+6397]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6399]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 64, +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手尸山山 (QSUU), four-corner 57072, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 438, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12264
  • Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1909, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6398

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡlod, *ɡlud) : semantic (hand; action) + phonetic (OC *klud, *kʰlud).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-(k/g)wa-t (to dig out; to scoop out), cognate to Tibetan རྐོད་པ (rkod pa), རྐོ་བ (rko ba, to dig; to hoe) (STEDT). Possibly related to (OC *kʷeːd, “to dig an outlet for water; to burst out”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • “to dig; to beat”.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕyɛ³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕye⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕyə⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕyə²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕyɛ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕyu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕye¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕyə⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕye²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
/t͡ɕie²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑyəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕye²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕyæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /kʰiut̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐt̚²/
Nanning /kʷet̚²²/
Hong Kong /kwɐt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kut̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ky⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuk̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kut̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (30) (30)
Final () (60) (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter gjut gjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨut̚/ /ɡʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiut̚/ /ɡʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiuət̚/ /ɡiuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gut̚/ /guat̚/
Li
Rong
/ɡiuət̚/ /ɡiuɐt̚/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭuət̚/ /ɡĭwɐt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯uət̚/ /gi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jué
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwat6 gyut6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jué jué
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjut › ‹ gjwot ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ut/ /*[ɡ]ot/
English dig out (earth) dig out (earth)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2 1/2
No. 1586 1559
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 3
Corresponding
MC rime
𧤼
Old
Chinese
/*ɡlud/ /*ɡlod/

Definitions

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  1. to dig; to excavate
  2. (Hakka) to scratch (with nails, claws)
  3. (Mainland China Hokkien) to beat; to hit; to strike (with a mallet, etc.)
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“cave”).
(This character is an obsolete form of ).

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to dig

Readings

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  • Go-on: ごち (gochi)
  • Kan-on: くつ (kutsu, Jōyō)けつ (ketsu)
  • Kun: ほる (horu, 掘る, Jōyō)

Korean

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Hanja

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(gul, gwol) (hangeul , , revised gul, gwol, McCune–Reischauer kul, kwŏl, Yale kwul, kwel)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: quật, oặt, quặt, quất, quịt, quát, quạt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.