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See also:
U+7D04, 約
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D04

[U+7D03]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7D05]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 120, +3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火心戈 (VFPI) or 女火心一 (VFPM), four-corner 27920, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27242
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3364, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+7D04

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𪪊

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ): semantic (rope) + phonetic (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note: yāo - only the sense of “to weigh on a balance or scale”.
Note:
  • iók - literary;
  • ióh - vernacular.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • iok/iak - literary;
    • ioh - vernacular.
    Note:
    • iag4 - literary;
    • ioh4/iêh4 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /yɛ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /iau⁴⁴/
    /yɛ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ye²¹/
    Jinan /yə²¹³/
    Qingdao /yə⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /yo²⁴/
    Xi'an /yo²¹/
    Xining /yu⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ye¹³/
    Lanzhou /yə¹³/
    Ürümqi /yɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /io²¹³/
    Chengdu /yo³¹/
    Guiyang /io²¹/
    Kunming /io³¹/
    Nanjing /ioʔ⁵/
    Hefei /yɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ²/
    Pingyao /yʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /yaʔ⁴³/ 大~
    /iɔ³¹/ ~一~
    Wu Shanghai /iaʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /iɑʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /ʔiɑʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /j̠a²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /iɔʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /io⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /io²⁴/
    Xiangtan /io²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /iɔʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /iok̚¹/
    Taoyuan /ʒok̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jœk̚²/
    Nanning /jœk̚³³/
    Hong Kong /jœk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iɔk̚³²/
    /ioʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yɔʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iɔ²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /iak̚²/
    /ioʔ²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /iɔk̚⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (34)
    Final () (107)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter 'jak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʔɨɐk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʔiɐk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʔiɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʔɨak̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʔiak̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ĭak̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʔi̯ak̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yue
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    joek3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    yuē
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ʔjak ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[q](r)ewk/
    English bind (v.), make an agreement

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 11201
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔlewɢ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. to bundle up; to bind
    2. rope; cord
    3. to restrain; to limit; to keep under control
    4. to make an appointment; to arrange
    5. appointment; meeting; arrangement
    6. treaty; agreement; covenant; pact; contract
    7. to invite or ask in advance
      明天一起吃飯知道沒有時間 [MSC, trad.]
      明天一起吃饭知道没有时间 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ xiǎng yuē nǐ míngtiān yīqǐ qù chīfàn, bù zhīdào nǐ yǒu méiyǒu shíjiān. [Pinyin]
      I'd like to invite you out to have a meal tomorrow, if you have the time.
    8. to hinder; to block
    9. to save; to economise
    10. frugal; economical; thrifty
    11. brief; concise; succinct
    12. poor; humble; low-ranking
    13. (mathematics) to reduce (a fraction)
    14. to prepare; to equip
    15. to seek; to pursue
    16. to estimate; to approximate; to reckon
    17. (colloquial) to weigh (on a balance or scale)
    18. about; approximately
      220大卡220大卡  ―  yuē 220 dàkǎ  ―  Approximately 220 kilocalories.
    19. (Hong Kong, historical) district (of the City of Victoria)
      四環九四环九 [Cantonese]  ―  sei3 waan4 gau2 joek3 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    20. (Hong Kong, historical) pact, group of villages (clarification of this definition is needed)
      大埔大埔 [Cantonese]  ―  daai6 bou3 cat1 joek3 [Jyutping]  ―  the seven village groups of Tai Po

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Vietnamese: ước ()

    Pronunciation 2[edit]



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (34)
    Final () (91)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter 'jiewH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʔiᴇuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʔiɛuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʔjæuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʔiawH/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʔiɛuH/
    Wang
    Li
    /ĭɛuH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʔi̯ɛuH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jiu3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    yào
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ʔjiewH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[q]ewk-s/
    English bond, agreement (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 11181
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔlewɢs/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. Alternative form of (yào, gist; essentials)

    Pronunciation 3[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. cord for the string of a stringed instrument

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. contract, promise
    2. to contract, to shorten
    3. approximately, roughly

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]


    Kanji in this term
    やく
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Adverb[edit]

    (やく) (yaku

    1. about, approximately
      (やく)(いっ)(げつ)
      yaku iggagetsu
      approximately one month
      宇宙(うちゅう)直径(ちょっけい)(やく) 930(きゅうひゃくさんじゅう)(おく)光年(こうねん)だ。
      Uchū no chokkei wa yaku kyūhyakusanjū-oku kōnen da.
      The diameter of the universe is some 93 billion light years.

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 맺을 (maejeul yak))

    1. Hanja form? of (contract, promise).
    2. Hanja form? of (approximately, roughly).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Chữ Hán[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: ước, yêu

    1. chữ Hán form of ước (contract, promise).
    2. chữ Hán form of ước (approximately, roughly).
    3. chữ Hán form of ước (to wish).