пара

See also: паря and Appendix:Variations of "para"

Belarusian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Polish para, from Middle High German pâr, from Latin pār (“equal”).

Noun

па́ра • (pára) f inan (genitive па́ры, nominative plural па́ры, genitive plural пар)

1. couple, pair
   • 1910, Якуб Колас, Сялянская доля, Minsk: Беларускае дзяржаўнае выдавецтва, published 1928, page 191:

     Над гарбо́м зямлі пасты́лай, над прасьце́цкаю магілай па́ра вы́расьце бяро́з.

     Nad harbóm zjamli pastýlaj, nad prasʹcjéckaju mahilaj pára výrasʹcje bjaróz.

     A couple of birches will grow above the hump of cold soil, above a simple tomb.

Declension

Declension of па́ра (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	па́ра pára	па́ры páry
genitive	па́ры páry	пар par
dative	па́ры páry	па́рам páram
accusative	па́ру páru	па́ры páry
instrumental	па́рай, па́раю páraj, páraju	па́рамі párami
locative	па́ры páry	па́рах párax
count form	—	па́ры1 páry1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Etymology 2

• Common Slavic Russian пар (par), Ukrainian па́ра (pára, literally “steam field, evaporation”), Old Church Slavonic пара (para, literally “evaporation”), Polish para, Czech pára, Slovak para, Serbo-Croatian па̏ра, Slovene pȃra, Bulgarian па́ра (pára). Related with прэць through alternation. Compare with па́рыць.

Noun

па́ра • (pára) f inan (genitive па́ры, uncountable)

1. steam, vapour
   • 1927, Язэп Лёсік, Мядзьведзь, Mensk, Беларускае дзяржаўнае выдавецтва, page 182:

     Засыпа́е бярло́гу сьне́гам, і то́лькі праз невялікую шчы́ліну ідзе́ па́ра ад мядзьве́джага дыха́ньня, і гэ́так сьпіць ён да вясны́.

     Zasypáje bjarlóhu sʹnjéham, i tólʹki praz njevjalikuju ščýlinu idzjé pára ad mjadzʹvjédžaha dyxánʹnja, i hétak sʹpicʹ jon da vjasný.

     Snow is covering the den, and only the vapour of bear's breathing is coming through a small chink, this way he will sleep until spring.

Declension

Declension of па́ра (inan sg-only hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	па́ра pára
genitive	па́ры páry
dative	па́ры páry
accusative	па́ру páru
instrumental	па́рай, па́раю páraj, páraju
locative	па́ры páry

Etymology 3

Unknown. Possibly related to ‑пор (see напор, упор), which is related to пярэць, пру. Some relate to Greek πορεῖν, aorist ἔπορον. Miklashich also points to Russian dialectic пора́ (a prop for a haysack).

Noun

пара́ • (pará) f inan (genitive пары́, nominative plural по́ры, genitive plural пор)

1. times, time, season, period
   • 1914, Алесь Гарун, Браты! Дакуль мы будзем спаць?, Minsk: Мастацкая літаратура, pages ?:

     …ці не пара́ ўжо ўстаць — Да пра́цы ўзя́цца што ёсць сілы?!

     …ci nje pará wžo wstacʹ — Da prácy wzjácca što joscʹ sily?!

     Isn't it time to stand up and start working with all the power?

Declension

Declension of пара́ (inan hard fem-form accent-d а-о)

	singular	plural
nominative	пара́ pará	по́ры póry
genitive	пары́ parý	пор por
dative	пары́ parý	по́рам póram
accusative	пару́ parú	по́ры póry
instrumental	паро́й, паро́ю parój, paróju	по́рамі pórami
locative	пары́ parý	по́рах pórax
count form	—	пары́1 parý1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

References

• “пара” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1985), “пара”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 3 (га! – інчэ́), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 324

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *para, *parъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈparɐ]
• Hyphenation: па‧ра

Noun

па́ра • (pára) f

1. steam
2. vapor

Declension

Declension of па́ра

	singular	plural
indefinite	па́ра pára	па́ри pári
definite	па́рата párata	па́рите párite

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɐˈra]
• Hyphenation: па‧ра

Noun

пара́ • (pará) f

1. (obsolete) para (the smallest Turkish coin, worth ¹⁄₄₀ of a kuruş)
2. (colloquial, figurative) penny, cent (insignificant amount of money)

   пет пари не давам ― pet pari ne davam ― I don't give a damn (literally, “I don't give five cents”)

3. coin

   Synonym: моне́та (monéta)

4. (usually in the plural) money

Declension

Declension of пара́

	singular	plural
indefinite	пара́ pará	пари́ parí
definite	пара́та paráta	пари́те paríte

References

• “пара”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “пара”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Anagrams

• арап (arap)

Karaim

Etymology

Ultimately from Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun

пара • (para)

1. money.

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “пара”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Kazakh

Alternative scripts

Arabic	پارا
Cyrillic	пара
Latin	para

Etymology

From Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun

пара • (para)

1. bribe

Declension

Declension of пара

	singular	plural
nominative	пара (para)	паралар (paralar)
genitive	параның (paranyñ)	паралардың (paralardyñ)
dative	параға (parağa)	параларға (paralarğa)
accusative	параны (parany)	параларды (paralardy)
locative	парада (parada)	параларда (paralarda)
ablative	парадан (paradan)	паралардан (paralardan)
instrumental	парамен (paramen)	паралармен (paralarmen)
similative	парадай (paradai)	паралардай (paralardai)

Derived terms

• парақор (paraqor), парақорлық (paraqorlyq)

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpaɾa]
• Rhymes: -aɾa

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para) (Turkish para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun

пара • (para) f (plural пари, relational adjective паричен, diminutive париче or паричка)

1. unit of money or physical manifestation of money (banknote, coin, etc.)
2. (historical) para (former subunit of currency in several countries in the Ottoman/Turkish and Yugoslav regions)

Declension

Declension of пара

	singular	plural
indefinite	пара (para)	пари (pari)
definite unspecified	парата (parata)	парите (parite)
definite proximal	парава (parava)	париве (parive)
definite distal	парана (parana)	парине (parine)
vocative	паро (paro)	пари (pari)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *para, *parъ.

Noun

пара • (para) f (plural пари, relational adjective парен)

1. steam, vapor

   Synonym: пареа f (parea)

Declension

Declension of пара

	singular	plural
indefinite	пара (para)	пари (pari)
definite unspecified	парата (parata)	парите (parite)
definite proximal	парава (parava)	париве (parive)
definite distal	парана (parana)	парине (parine)
vocative	паро (paro)	пари (pari)

Etymology 3

Verb

пара • (para) third-singular present, impf (perfective распара)

1. (transitive) to unsew, unstitch

Conjugation

Conjugation of пара (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	парал (paral)	—	adjectival participle	паран (paran)
feminine	парала (parala)	—	adverbial participle	парајќи (parajḱi)
neuter	парало (paralo)	—	verbal noun	парање (paranje)
plural	парале (parale)	—	perfect participle	парано (parano)
finite forms	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	парам (param)	парав (parav)	—	—
2nd singular	параш (paraš)	параше (paraše)	—	парај (paraj)
3rd singular	пара (para)	параше (paraše)	—	—
1st plural	параме (parame)	паравме (paravme)	—	—
2nd plural	парате (parate)	паравте (paravte)	—	парајте (parajte)
3rd plural	параат (paraat)	параа (paraa)	—	—
compound tenses
perfect	сум парал (sum paral)		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам парано (imam parano)		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев парал (bev paral)		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав парано (imav parano)		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал парано (sum imal parano)		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе парам (ḱe param)		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам парано (ḱe imam parano)		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе парав (ḱe parav)		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав парано (ḱe imav parano)		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум парал (ḱe sum paral)		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал парано (ḱe sum imal parano)		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би парал (bi paral)		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал парано (bi imal parano)		conditional of има + perfect participle

Moksha

Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *parə, from Proto-Uralic *para.

Adjective

пара • (para)

1. good

Nanai

Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *pare, compare Manchu ᡶᠠᡵᠠ (fara).

Noun

пара (para)

1. sleigh; sledge

Northern Yukaghir

Etymology

From Proto-Yukaghir *para

Noun

пара (para)

1. roots
2. base
3. essence

References

• Nikolaeva, Irina (2006), A Historical Dictionary of Yukaghir (Trends in Linguistics Documentation; 25), Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 343
• Kurilov, Гаврил (2001), Юкагирско-русский словарь, Novosibirsk: Nauka

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈparə]
• Rhymes: -arə

Etymology 1

From Polish para, from Middle High German pâr (German Paar), from Latin pār.

Noun

па́ра • (pára) f inan (genitive па́ры, nominative plural па́ры, genitive plural пар, relational adjective па́рный, diminutive па́рочка)

1. pair, couple
   • 1934, Константин Вагинов [Konstantin Vaginov], “Глава 4. Зелёный дом”, in Гарпагониана; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):

     Наконе́ц, па́ра скры́лась в подъе́зде како́го-то до́ма.

     Nakonéc, pára skrýlasʹ v podʺjézde kakóvo-to dóma.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. the other, second object associated with another to form a pair; the fellow of an object in a set of two

   па́ра э́той перча́тке ― pára étoj perčátke ― the other glove [which matches this glove]; this glove's fellow

3. (informal) equal, match, equivalent
4. (informal) a few, not many
5. (informal) two, around two
6. two-hour lecture (e.g. for a university or college class)
7. (clothing, now rare) suit
   • 1969, Булгаков, chapter 1, in Мастер и Маргарита:

     Первый из них, одетый в летнюю серенькую пару

     Pervyj iz nix, odetyj v letnjuju serenʹkuju paru

     The first of them, dressed in a gray summer suit

8. (mark) two (out of five), poor; D mark, D grade

   Synonyms: дво́йка (dvójka), двоя́к (dvoják), неудовлетвори́тельно (neudovletvorítelʹno), не́уд (néud), два ба́лла (dva bálla), два (dva)

Declension

Declension of па́ра (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	па́ра pára	па́ры páry
genitive	па́ры páry	па́р pár
dative	па́ре páre	па́рам páram
accusative	па́ру páru	па́ры páry
instrumental	па́рой, па́рою pároj, pároju	па́рами párami
prepositional	па́ре páre	па́рах párax

Pre-reform declension of па́ра (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	па́ра pára	па́ры páry
genitive	па́ры páry	па́ръ pár
dative	па́рѣ párě	па́рамъ páram
accusative	па́ру páru	па́ры páry
instrumental	па́рой, па́рою pároj, pároju	па́рами párami
prepositional	па́рѣ párě	па́рахъ párax

Synonyms

• костю́м (kostjúm), фра́чная па́ра (fráčnaja pára)

Related terms

• па́ра-тро́йка (pára-trójka)
• па́рочка (páročka)
• спа́ренный (spárennyj)
• спа́ривание (spárivanije)
• спа́ривать (spárivatʹ)
• спа́риваться (spárivatʹsja)

Descendants

• → Yakut: паара (paara, “pair, couple”)

See also

Poker hands in Russian · по́керные раскла́ды (pókernyje rasklády) (layout · text)
ста́ршая ка́рта (stáršaja kárta), кикер (kiker)	па́ра (pára)	две па́ры (dve páry), допер (doper)	сет (sɛt), трипс (trips), тро́йка (trójka)	стрейт (strɛjt)
флеш (flɛš)	фулл-ха́ус (full-xáus), ло́дка (lódka)	каре́ (karɛ́), четвёрка (četvjórka)	стре́йт-фле́ш (strɛ́jt-flɛ́š)	фле́ш-роя́ль (flɛ́š-rojálʹ)

Etymology 2

Noun

па́ра • (pára) m inan

1. genitive singular of пар (par)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *para, *parъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâra/
• Hyphenation: па‧ра
• Rhymes: -âra

Noun

па̏ра f (Latin spelling pȁra)

1. steam
2. vapor

Declension

Declension of пара

	singular	plural
nominative	па̏ра	паре
genitive	паре	па̑ра̄
dative	пари	парама
accusative	пару	паре
vocative	паро	паре
locative	пари	парама
instrumental	паром	парама

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pǎra/
• Hyphenation: па‧ра

Noun

па̀ра f (Latin spelling pàra)

1. para (Yugoslav currency)
2. (colloquial, chiefly in the plural) money

Declension

Declension of пара

	singular	plural
nominative	па̀ра	паре
genitive	паре	па̑ра̄
dative	пари	парама
accusative	пару	паре
vocative	паро	паре
locative	пари	парама
instrumental	паром	парама

Sirenik

Noun

пара (para)

1. butter

References

• G. A. Menovschikov (1964), Язык сиреникских эскимосов [The language of Sirenik Eskimos]‎^[1], Академия Наук СССР, page 193

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈparɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -arɐ
• Hyphenation: па‧ра

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *para, *parъ.

Noun

па́ра • (pára) f inan (genitive па́ри, uncountable)

1. steam; vapor

   Synonym: пар (par)

Declension

Declension of па́ра
(inan sg-only hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	па́ра pára
genitive	па́ри páry
dative	па́рі pári
accusative	па́ру páru
instrumental	па́рою pároju
locative	па́рі pári
vocative	па́ро páro

Etymology 2

From Polish para.

Noun

па́ра • (pára) f inan (genitive па́ри, nominative plural па́ри, genitive plural пар)

1. pair, couple
2. (informal) two-hour lecture (e.g. for a university or college class)

   Synonym: лекці́йна па́ра (lekcíjna pára)

Declension

Declension of па́ра
(inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	па́ра pára	па́ри páry
genitive	па́ри páry	пар par
dative	па́рі pári	па́рам páram
accusative	па́ру páru	па́ри páry
instrumental	па́рою pároju	па́рами páramy
locative	па́рі pári	па́рах párax
vocative	па́ро páro	па́ри páry

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “пара”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “пара”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “пара”, in English–Ukrainian Dictionaries