بن
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Base form of اِبْن (ibn). From Proto-Semitic *bin-. Compare Hebrew בֵּן.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بْن • (bn) m
- Alternative form of اِبْن (ibn)
Usage notes
[edit]Used after another noun (which necessarily ends in a vowel if case endings are preserved).
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | — | — | بْن bn |
Nominative | — | — | بْنُ bnu |
Accusative | — | — | بْنَ bna |
Genitive | — | — | بْنِ bni |
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܢܳܐ (būnā), which, attested as “barley soaked in water”, underwent a meaning development in 14th-century Yemen due to brewages of sundry appetizing beverages, less likely in view of the pungent fish-sauce بُنّ (bunn), but from the picture of barley grains to the coffee bean in particular. Compare meaning transferrals in the spice-names قِزْح (qizḥ) and بِسْبَاس (bisbās), and خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs, “spelt; gruel”) to “wine”, as قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”) originally meant “wine”. This specific meaning strain—it was only generalized in Ethiopia to mean the berry, powder and decoct of coffee too—is confirmed by Ancient Greek βύνη (búnē, “malt”), a borrowing found in Late Antiquity’s Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis and Aëtius of Amida. The further origin can be a technical term restricted from the well-known Middle Iranian word for “base, grounds” found as Classical Persian بن (bun) and Old Armenian բուն (bun), also borrowed directly from Iranian in Omani Arabic بون (būn), compare the Iranianism reflected in Arabic دُرْدِيّ (durdiyy, “lees, amurca”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بُنّ • (bunn) m (plural أَبْنَان (ʔabnān)) (usually uncountable)
- coffee beans, coffee
- coffee tree
- (obsolete) a fine strong fragrance
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُنّ bunn |
الْبُنّ al-bunn |
بُنّ bunn |
Nominative | بُنٌّ bunnun |
الْبُنُّ al-bunnu |
بُنُّ bunnu |
Accusative | بُنًّا bunnan |
الْبُنَّ al-bunna |
بُنَّ bunna |
Genitive | بُنٍّ bunnin |
الْبُنِّ al-bunni |
بُنِّ bunni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُنَّيْن bunnayn |
الْبُنَّيْن al-bunnayn |
بُنَّيْ bunnay |
Nominative | بُنَّانِ bunnāni |
الْبُنَّانِ al-bunnāni |
بُنَّا bunnā |
Accusative | بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni |
الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni |
بُنَّيْ bunnay |
Genitive | بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni |
الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni |
بُنَّيْ bunnay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَبْنَان ʔabnān |
الْأَبْنَان al-ʔabnān |
أَبْنَان ʔabnān |
Nominative | أَبْنَانٌ ʔabnānun |
الْأَبْنَانُ al-ʔabnānu |
أَبْنَانُ ʔabnānu |
Accusative | أَبْنَانًا ʔabnānan |
الْأَبْنَانَ al-ʔabnāna |
أَبْنَانَ ʔabnāna |
Genitive | أَبْنَانٍ ʔabnānin |
الْأَبْنَانِ al-ʔabnāni |
أَبْنَانِ ʔabnāni |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Afar: bún, búun (Northern Afar); búna, buná (Southern Afar)
- → Amharic: ቡን (bunn)
- → Coptic: ⲡⲟⲛ (pon)
- → Gujarati: બૂંદ (bū̃d)
- → Harari: ቡን (bunn)
- → Tigre: ቡን (bun)
- → Tigrinya: ቡን (bun)
- → Ottoman Turkish: بن (bünn)
- → Swahili: buni
See also
[edit]- قَهْوَة (qahwa)
Etymology 3
[edit]Back-formation from بُنِّيّ (bunniyy, “Labeobarbus bynni”), a well-eaten fish of the highest frequency in the Nile.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بُنّ • (bunn) m
- (obsolete) brine, pickling-solution, a fish-dish from the salt water in which for example Labeobarbus bynni has been preserved.
Declension
[edit]See also
[edit]- مُرِّيّ (murriyy)
- مَرَقَة (maraqa)
- رُبَيْثَاء (rubayṯāʔ)
- صِير (ṣīr)
- أُجَاج (ʔujāj)
Etymology 4.1
[edit]Apparently denominal from بَنَّة (banna, “odour in particular from lodging-places due to cattle”).
Verb
[edit]بَنَّ • (banna) I (non-past يَبِنُّ (yabinnu)) (obsolete)
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
— | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
بَانّ bānn | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَبْنُون mabnūn | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | بَنَنْتُ banantu |
بَنَنْتَ bananta |
بَنَّ banna |
بَنَنْتُمَا banantumā |
بَنَّا bannā |
بَنَنَّا banannā |
بَنَنْتُمْ banantum |
بَنُّوا bannū | |||
f | بَنَنْتِ bananti |
بَنَّتْ bannat |
بَنَّتَا bannatā |
بَنَنْتُنَّ banantunna |
بَنَنَّ bananna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَبِنُّ ʔabinnu |
تَبِنُّ tabinnu |
يَبِنُّ yabinnu |
تَبِنَّانِ tabinnāni |
يَبِنَّانِ yabinnāni |
نَبِنُّ nabinnu |
تَبِنُّونَ tabinnūna |
يَبِنُّونَ yabinnūna | |||
f | تَبِنِّينَ tabinnīna |
تَبِنُّ tabinnu |
تَبِنَّانِ tabinnāni |
تَبْنِنَّ tabninna |
يَبْنِنَّ yabninna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَبِنَّ ʔabinna |
تَبِنَّ tabinna |
يَبِنَّ yabinna |
تَبِنَّا tabinnā |
يَبِنَّا yabinnā |
نَبِنَّ nabinna |
تَبِنُّوا tabinnū |
يَبِنُّوا yabinnū | |||
f | تَبِنِّي tabinnī |
تَبِنَّ tabinna |
تَبِنَّا tabinnā |
تَبْنِنَّ tabninna |
يَبْنِنَّ yabninna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَبِنَّ, أَبِنِّ, أَبْنِنْ ʔabinna, ʔabinni, ʔabnin |
تَبِنَّ, تَبِنِّ, تَبْنِنْ tabinna, tabinni, tabnin |
يَبِنَّ, يَبِنِّ, يَبْنِنْ yabinna, yabinni, yabnin |
تَبِنَّا tabinnā |
يَبِنَّا yabinnā |
نَبِنَّ, نَبِنِّ, نَبْنِنْ nabinna, nabinni, nabnin |
تَبِنُّوا tabinnū |
يَبِنُّوا yabinnū | |||
f | تَبِنِّي tabinnī |
تَبِنَّ, تَبِنِّ, تَبْنِنْ tabinna, tabinni, tabnin |
تَبِنَّا tabinnā |
تَبْنِنَّ tabninna |
يَبْنِنَّ yabninna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | بِنَّ, بِنِّ, اِبْنِنْ binna, binni, ibnin |
بِنَّا binnā |
بِنُّوا binnū |
||||||||
f | بِنِّي binnī |
اِبْنِنَّ ibninna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | بُنِنْتُ bunintu |
بُنِنْتَ buninta |
بُنَّ bunna |
بُنِنْتُمَا bunintumā |
بُنَّا bunnā |
بُنِنَّا buninnā |
بُنِنْتُمْ bunintum |
بُنُّوا bunnū | |||
f | بُنِنْتِ buninti |
بُنَّتْ bunnat |
بُنَّتَا bunnatā |
بُنِنْتُنَّ bunintunna |
بُنِنَّ buninna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُبَنُّ ʔubannu |
تُبَنُّ tubannu |
يُبَنُّ yubannu |
تُبَنَّانِ tubannāni |
يُبَنَّانِ yubannāni |
نُبَنُّ nubannu |
تُبَنُّونَ tubannūna |
يُبَنُّونَ yubannūna | |||
f | تُبَنِّينَ tubannīna |
تُبَنُّ tubannu |
تُبَنَّانِ tubannāni |
تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna |
يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُبَنَّ ʔubanna |
تُبَنَّ tubanna |
يُبَنَّ yubanna |
تُبَنَّا tubannā |
يُبَنَّا yubannā |
نُبَنَّ nubanna |
تُبَنُّوا tubannū |
يُبَنُّوا yubannū | |||
f | تُبَنِّي tubannī |
تُبَنَّ tubanna |
تُبَنَّا tubannā |
تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna |
يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُبَنَّ, أُبَنِّ, أُبْنَنْ ʔubanna, ʔubanni, ʔubnan |
تُبَنَّ, تُبَنِّ, تُبْنَنْ tubanna, tubanni, tubnan |
يُبَنَّ, يُبَنِّ, يُبْنَنْ yubanna, yubanni, yubnan |
تُبَنَّا tubannā |
يُبَنَّا yubannā |
نُبَنَّ, نُبَنِّ, نُبْنَنْ nubanna, nubanni, nubnan |
تُبَنُّوا tubannū |
يُبَنُّوا yubannū | |||
f | تُبَنِّي tubannī |
تُبَنَّ, تُبَنِّ, تُبْنَنْ tubanna, tubanni, tubnan |
تُبَنَّا tubannā |
تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna |
يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna |
Etymology 4.2
[edit]Noun
[edit]Declension
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Verb
[edit]بن (form I)
- بِنَّ (binna) /bin.na/: inflection of بَانَ (bāna):
- بِنْ (bin) /bin/: second-person masculine singular imperative of بَانَ (bāna)
References
[edit]- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “بن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 116
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “بن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 158b
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 166
- Landberg, Carlo, editor (1909), Études sur les dialectes de l'Arabie méridionale. Deuxième volume. Daṯînah. Deuxième partie[4] (in French), Leiden: Brill, pages 1062–1064
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “بن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[5], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 258a–b
- Streck, Maximilian (1907) “Bemerkungen zu einigen arabischen Fischnamen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[6] (in German), volume 61, page 638
Brokskat
[edit]Noun
[edit]بن (ban)
Kalami
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]بن (ban) m
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).
Pronoun
[edit]بن • (ben)
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: ben
Etymology 2
[edit]From Arabic اِبْن (ibn, “son”).
Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[7], Constantinople: Mihran, page 277
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بنی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 390
Pashto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Iranian *hapáθniH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH (“co-wife”). Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī) and Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapatnī).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بن • (bən) f
Declension
[edit]Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /bun/), from Proto-Iranian *buHnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás, from *bʰudʰmḗn.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bun]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bon]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bun]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bun |
Dari reading? | bun |
Iranian reading? | bon |
Tajik reading? | bun |
Noun
[edit]بن • (bon)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From late Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /bun/), from earlier [script needed] (wn' /wan/, “tree; stock, stem”) also present as ون (van, “ash tree”) and Classical Syriac ܒܰܢ (ban, “terebinth”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bun]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bon]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bun]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bun |
Dari reading? | bun |
Iranian reading? | bon |
Tajik reading? | bun |
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic بِن (bin, “son”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bin]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ben]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bin]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bin |
Dari reading? | bin |
Iranian reading? | ben |
Tajik reading? | bin |
Noun
[edit]بن • (ben)
- bin (in Arabic names)
Etymology 4
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun
[edit]بن • (ben)
- Ben (the capital city of Ben County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).
- Ben (a county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bon]
Readings | |
---|---|
Iranian reading? | bon |
Proper noun
[edit]بن • (bon)
- Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia; former capital city of Germany)
References
[edit]- Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)[9], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 129, from which apparently “bn2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, pages 248–249
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 200
- Vullers, Johann August (1855) “بن”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[10] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 263
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بنّ • (binn) m
See also
[edit]- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic terms borrowed from Classical Syriac
- Arabic terms derived from Classical Syriac
- Arabic terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Arabic terms derived from Middle Iranian languages
- Arabic uncountable nouns
- Arabic terms with obsolete senses
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic back-formations
- Arabic obsolete terms
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel i
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms
- ar:Family
- Brokskat lemmas
- Brokskat nouns
- Kalami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kalami lemmas
- Kalami adjectives
- Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish pronouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Pashto terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Pashto terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Pashto terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Pashto terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Pashto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto nouns
- Pashto feminine nouns
- ps:Family
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian archaic terms
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- fa:Cities in Iran
- fa:Capital cities
- fa:Places in Iran
- fa:Counties of Iran
- Persian terms borrowed from German
- Persian terms derived from German
- fa:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia
- fa:Cities in Germany
- fa:Places in North Rhine-Westphalia
- fa:Places in Germany
- fa:National capitals
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- ajp:Coffee