عرف

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See also: غرف‎, عرق‎, غرق‎, ع ر ف‎, ع ر ق‎, and غ ر ق‎

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From the root ع ر ف‎ (ʕ-r-f).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.ra.fa/
  • Audio(file)

Verb[edit]

عَرَفَ • (ʕarafa) I, non-past يَعْرِفُ‎‎ (yaʕrifu) (transitive)

  1. to be familiar with (a person, a place, a piece of news or information, and so on); to know
    ‏هَلْ تَعْرِفُهَا؟‎‎
    hal taʕrifuhā?
    Do you know her?
    ‏أَعْرِفُ أَنَّهَا دَرَسَتِ الْحُقُوقَ.‎‎
    ʔaʕrifu ʔannahā darasati l-ḥuqūqa.
    I know that she studied law.
    Synonym: خَبُرَ‎ (ḵabura)
    Coordinate terms: عَلِمَ‎ (ʕalima), دَرَى‎ (darā)
    Antonyms: أَنْكَرَ‎ (ʔankara), جَهِلَ‎ (jahila)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:58:
      ‏وَجَاءَ إِخْوَةُ يُوسُفَ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَعَرَفَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُ مُنْكِرُونَ‎
      wajāʔa ʔiḵwatu yūsufa fadaḵalū ʕalayhi faʕarafahum wahum lahu munkirūna
      Then Joseph's brothers came in, and he knew them, while they did not recall him.
  2. to be familiar with (a skill or profession); to be experienced in; to be proficient at or in; can
    ‏هُوَ عَارِفٌ بِالْيَابَانِيَّةِ‎
    huwa ʕārifun bi-l-yābāniyyati
    He is proficient in Japanese.
    ‏أَعْرِفُ الْعَزْفَ وَالْغِنَاءَ.‎‎
    ʔaʕrifu l-ʕazfa wālḡināʔa.
    I know how to sing and play music.
    ‏هُمْ لَا يَعْرِفُونَ السِّبَاحَةَ.‎‎
    hum lā yaʕrifūna s-sibāḥata.
    They cannot swim.
    Synonym: أَجَادَ‎ (ʔajāda, “to excel at”)
  3. to recognise (a person, a place, and so on); to identify; to recall
    ‏.أَرَيْتُهَا صُورَتَهُ فَلَمْ تَعْرِفْهُ‎
    .ʔaraytuhā ṣūratahu falam taʕrifhu
    I showed her his picture, but she could not recognize him.
    Synonym: تَذَكَّرَ‎ (taḏakkara, “to remember”)
  4. to become aware of; to find out
    ‏فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ كاذِبٌ.‎‎
    faʕaraftu ʔannahu kāḏibun.
    That is when I knew he was lying.
    Synonym: أَدْرَكَ‎ (ʔadraka)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَرَفَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns مَعْرِفَة or عِرْفَان)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
maʕrifa or ʕirfān
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ʕārif
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maʕrūf
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕaraftu
ʕarafta
عَرَفَ

ʕarafa
ʕaraftumā
ʕarafā
ʕarafnā
ʕaraftum
ʕarafū
f
ʕarafti
ʕarafat
ʕarafatā
ʕaraftunna
ʕarafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaʕrifu
taʕrifu
yaʕrifu
taʕrifāni
yaʕrifāni
naʕrifu
taʕrifūna
yaʕrifūna
f
taʕrifīna
taʕrifu
taʕrifāni
taʕrifna
yaʕrifna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaʕrifa
taʕrifa
yaʕrifa
taʕrifā
yaʕrifā
naʕrifa
taʕrifū
yaʕrifū
f
taʕrifī
taʕrifa
taʕrifā
taʕrifna
yaʕrifna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaʕrif
taʕrif
yaʕrif
taʕrifā
yaʕrifā
naʕrif
taʕrifū
yaʕrifū
f
taʕrifī
taʕrif
taʕrifā
taʕrifna
yaʕrifna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
iʕrif
iʕrifā
iʕrifū
f
iʕrifī
iʕrifna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕuriftu
ʕurifta
عُرِفَ

ʕurifa
ʕuriftumā
ʕurifā
ʕurifnā
ʕuriftum
ʕurifū
f
ʕurifti
ʕurifat
ʕurifatā
ʕuriftunna
ʕurifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕrafu
tuʕrafu
yuʕrafu
tuʕrafāni
yuʕrafāni
nuʕrafu
tuʕrafūna
yuʕrafūna
f
tuʕrafīna
tuʕrafu
tuʕrafāni
tuʕrafna
yuʕrafna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕrafa
tuʕrafa
yuʕrafa
tuʕrafā
yuʕrafā
nuʕrafa
tuʕrafū
yuʕrafū
f
tuʕrafī
tuʕrafa
tuʕrafā
tuʕrafna
yuʕrafna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕraf
tuʕraf
yuʕraf
tuʕrafā
yuʕrafā
nuʕraf
tuʕrafū
yuʕrafū
f
tuʕrafī
tuʕraf
tuʕrafā
tuʕrafna
yuʕrafna

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

عَرَّفَ • (ʕarrafa) II, non-past يُعَرِّفُ‎‎ (yuʕarrifu)

  1. (transitive) to define
  2. (ditransitive) to tell about, to inform of, to make aware of; to acquaint with, to introduce to
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَرَّفَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
taʕrīf
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muʕarrif
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muʕarraf
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕarraftu
ʕarrafta
عَرَّفَ

ʕarrafa
ʕarraftumā
ʕarrafā
ʕarrafnā
ʕarraftum
ʕarrafū
f
ʕarrafti
ʕarrafat
ʕarrafatā
ʕarraftunna
ʕarrafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕarrifu
tuʕarrifu
yuʕarrifu
tuʕarrifāni
yuʕarrifāni
nuʕarrifu
tuʕarrifūna
yuʕarrifūna
f
tuʕarrifīna
tuʕarrifu
tuʕarrifāni
tuʕarrifna
yuʕarrifna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕarrifa
tuʕarrifa
yuʕarrifa
tuʕarrifā
yuʕarrifā
nuʕarrifa
tuʕarrifū
yuʕarrifū
f
tuʕarrifī
tuʕarrifa
tuʕarrifā
tuʕarrifna
yuʕarrifna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕarrif
tuʕarrif
yuʕarrif
tuʕarrifā
yuʕarrifā
nuʕarrif
tuʕarrifū
yuʕarrifū
f
tuʕarrifī
tuʕarrif
tuʕarrifā
tuʕarrifna
yuʕarrifna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
عَرِّفْ

ʕarrif
ʕarrifā
ʕarrifū
f
ʕarrifī
ʕarrifna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕurriftu
ʕurrifta
عُرِّفَ

ʕurrifa
ʕurriftumā
ʕurrifā
ʕurrifnā
ʕurriftum
ʕurrifū
f
ʕurrifti
ʕurrifat
ʕurrifatā
ʕurriftunna
ʕurrifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕarrafu
tuʕarrafu
yuʕarrafu
tuʕarrafāni
yuʕarrafāni
nuʕarrafu
tuʕarrafūna
yuʕarrafūna
f
tuʕarrafīna
tuʕarrafu
tuʕarrafāni
tuʕarrafna
yuʕarrafna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕarrafa
tuʕarrafa
yuʕarrafa
tuʕarrafā
yuʕarrafā
nuʕarrafa
tuʕarrafū
yuʕarrafū
f
tuʕarrafī
tuʕarrafa
tuʕarrafā
tuʕarrafna
yuʕarrafna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕarraf
tuʕarraf
yuʕarraf
tuʕarrafā
yuʕarrafā
nuʕarraf
tuʕarrafū
yuʕarrafū
f
tuʕarrafī
tuʕarraf
tuʕarrafā
tuʕarrafna
yuʕarrafna

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

عُرْف • (ʕurf) m (plural أَعْرَاف‎ (ʔaʕrāf)) (countable)

  1. a practice that is widely known somewhere or in some group; a convention; custom; a tradition
    Synonym: سُنَّة‎ (sunna, “a characteristic practice, especially one that is popularized or enforced”)
  2. the crest or comb of a rooster, a cockscomb
    1. any tuftlike protuberance; an outgrowth
      Synonym: نُتُوء‎ (nutūʔ, “a protrusion; a projection; a protuberance”)
    2. (uncommon) the forelock of a horse

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

عَرْف • (ʕarf) m

  1. scent, aroma
Descendants[edit]
  • → Swahili: harufu

References[edit]

  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “عرف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
  • Mace, John (2007), “عرف”, in Arabic Verbs, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic عَرَفَ‎ (ʕarafa).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

عرف • (ʕirif) (perfect, imperfect يعرف‎ (yiʕraf), verb form I)

  1. to know
  2. to recognize, to distinguish
  3. to discover, to find out
  4. to show consideration for
  5. to have the ability, to be able
    ‏للأسف معرفتش أصور في الحفلة.‎‎
    li-l-ʔasaf ma-ʕriftiš ʔaṣawwir fi-l-ḥafla
    Unfortunately I couldn't film in the party.
  6. to be familiar with; to be proficient in; to be conversant with [+ ل‎ (object)]

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of عرف (form-I sound)
verbal noun
active participle عارف‎ (ʕārif)
passive participle معروف‎ (maʕrūf)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عرفت
(ʕirift) 		عرفت
(ʕirift) 		عرف‎
(ʕirif) 		عرفنا
(ʕirifna) 		عرفتوا
(ʕiriftu) 		عرفوا
(ʕirfu)
f عرفتي
(ʕirifti) 		عرفت
(ʕirfit)
present
subjunctive 		m اعرف
(aʕraf) 		تعرف
(tiʕraf) 		يعرف
(yiʕraf) 		نعرف
(niʕraf) 		تعرفوا
(tiʕrafu) 		يعرفوا
(yiʕrafu)
f تعرفي
(tiʕrafi) 		تعرف
(tiʕraf)
present
indicative 		m بعرف
(baʕraf) 		بتعرف
(bitiʕraf) 		بيعرف
(biyiʕraf) 		بنعرف
(biniʕraf) 		بتعرفوا
(bitiʕrafu) 		بيعرفوا
(biyiʕrafu)
f بتعرفي
(bitiʕrafi) 		بتعرف
(bitiʕraf)
future m حعرف
(ḥaʕraf) 		حتعرف
(ḥatiʕraf) 		حيعرف
(ḥayiʕraf) 		حنعرف
(ḥaniʕraf) 		حتعرفوا
(ḥatiʕrafu) 		حيعرفوا
(ḥayiʕrafu)
f حتعرفي
(ḥatiʕrafi) 		حتعرف
(ḥatiʕraf)
imperative m اعرف
(iʕraf) 		اعرفوا
(iʕrafu)
f اعرفي
(iʕrafi)

Moroccan Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Root
ع ر ف‎
1 term

From Arabic عَرَفَ‎ (ʕarafa).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

عرف • (ʕraf) (form I, non-past يعرف‎ (yiʕraf))

  1. to know

Conjugation[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ع ر ف‎

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic عَرَفَ‎ (ʕarafa).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʕi.rif/, [ˈʕi.rˤɪf]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb[edit]

عرف • (ʕirif) (form I, present بعرف‎ (biʕrif), active participle عارف‎ (ʕāref))

  1. to know
    ‏لو عرفت، كنت قلتلّك.‎‎
    law ʕrift, kunt ʔoltillak.
    If I had known, I would have told you.
    ‏ما بعرف وين البنك.‎‎
    mā baʕref wēn il-bank.
    I don't know where the bank is.
    ‏بتعرفو تسبحو؟‎‎
    btiʕrefu tisbaḥu?
    Do you know how to swim?
Usage notes[edit]
  • Like عمل‎ (ʕimil), non-past forms may use “a” as the core vowel and in the prefix, so forms like بِعْرَف‎ (beʕraf) and بْيَعْرِف‎ (byaʕref) are possible as well.
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of عرف (ʕirif)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عرفت (ʕrift) عرفت (ʕrift) عرف (ʕirif) عرفنا (ʕrifna) عرفتو (ʕriftu) عرفو (ʕirfu)
f عرفتي (ʕrifti) عرفت (ʕirfat)
present m بعرف (baʕrif) بتعرف (btiʕrif) بعرف (biʕrif) منعرف (mniʕrif) بتعرفو (btiʕrifu) بعرفو (biʕrifu)
f بتعرفي (btiʕrifi) بتعرف (btiʕrif)
subjunctive m أعرف (ʔaʕrif) تعرف (tiʕrif) يعرف (yiʕrif) نعرف (niʕrif) تعرفو (tiʕrifu) يعرفو (yiʕrifu)
f تعرفي (tiʕrifi) تعرف (tiʕrif)
imperative m اعرف (iʕrif) اعرفو (iʕrifu)
f اعرفي (iʕrifi)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic عَرَّفَ‎ (ʕarrafa).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʕar.raf/, [ˈʕarˤ.rˤɑf]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb[edit]

عرّف • (ʕarraf) (form II, present بعرّف‎ (biʕarref))

  1. to inform, to let know
    Synonyms: خبّر‎ (ḵabbar), بلّغ‎ (ballaḡ)
  2. to introduce (someone)
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of عرّف (ʕarraf)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عرّفت (ʕarraft) عرّفت (ʕarraft) عرّف (ʕarraf) عرّفنا (ʕarrafna) عرّفتو (ʕarraftu) عرّفو (ʕarrafu)
f عرّفتي (ʕarrafti) عرّفت (ʕarrafat)
present m بعرّف (baʕarref) بتعرّف (bitʕarref) بعرّف (biʕarref) منعرّف (minʕarref) بتعرّفو (bitʕarrfu) بعرّفو (biʕarrfu)
f بتعرّفي (bitʕarrfi) بتعرّف (bitʕarref)
subjunctive m اعرّف (aʕarref) تعرّف (tʕarref) يعرّف (yʕarref) نعرّف (nʕarref) تعرّفو (tʕarrfu) يعرّفو (yʕarrfu)
f تعرّفي (tʕarrfi) تعرّف (tʕarref)
imperative m عرّف (ʕarref) عرّفو (ʕarrfu)
f عرّفي (ʕarrfi)
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