عرق

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Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Root
ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
10 terms

Cognate with Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿäräḳä, to be naked, to be orphaned, to be childless, to be bereft).

Verb

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عَرَقَ (ʕaraqa) I (non-past يَعْرُقُ (yaʕruqu), verbal noun مَعْرِق (maʕriq) or عَرْق (ʕarq))

  1. to strip of flesh, to nibble
Conjugation
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Verb

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عُرِقَ (ʕuriqa) I (passive-only, non-past يُعْرَقُ (yuʕraqu), verbal noun عَرْق (ʕarq))

  1. to be emaciated
Conjugation
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Verb

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عَرِقَ (ʕariqa) I (non-past يَعْرَقُ (yaʕraqu), verbal noun عَرَق (ʕaraq))

  1. to sweat, to perspire
Conjugation
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Etymology 2

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Root
ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
10 terms

Cognate to Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿärräḳä, to strip naked).

Verb

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عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa) II (non-past يُعَرِّقُ (yuʕarriqu), verbal noun تَعْرِيق (taʕrīq))

  1. to make sweat, to promote perspiration
  2. to water down, to dilute (a drink)
  3. to grow roots; to take root
  4. to be deeply rooted
  5. to vein, to marble
Conjugation
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Etymology 3

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Root
ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
10 terms

Pronunciation

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Noun

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عَرَق (ʕaraqm

  1. verbal noun of عَرِقَ (ʕariqa) (form I)
  2. sweat, perspiration
  3. arrack (a clear raisin liquor that turns cloudy when water is added)
Declension
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Descendants
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Etymology 4

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From the root ع ر ق (ʕ-r-q) in the sense of plants “perspiring” roots or roots being naked or stripped from earth when looked upon; or metathesis from the root ع ق ر (ʕ-q-r) related to عَقَار (ʕaqār, real estate, ground, land), compare against its Aramaic cognate עִיקָּרָא / ܥܶܩܳܪܳܐ (ʿiqqārā, ʿeqqārā, root) and Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩧𐩤 (ʿrq, collarbone; lowlying land, plain, depression).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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عِرْق (ʕirqm (plural عُرُوق (ʕurūq) or أَعْراق (ʔaʕrāq))

  1. plant stem, leaf stem
  2. blood vessel
    Synonym: وِعَاء (wiʕāʔ, blood tube)
    Hyponyms: شُرْيَان (šuryān, artery), وَرِيد (warīd, vein)
    • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:
      فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإنّ ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.
      If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein [or windpipe], that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.
  3. hereditary disposition
  4. race, stock, descent
  5. (geology) erg
Declension
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Descendants
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  • Gulf Arabic: عرج (ʕirj, origin, descent)
  • Azerbaijani: irq
  • Ottoman Turkish: عرق (ʿırk)
    > Turkish: ırk (inherited)
  • Uyghur: ئىرق (irq)
  • Uzbek: irq

References

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  • Freytag, Georg (1835) “عرق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 142
  • Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[2] (in German), volume 52, pages 140–142

Azerbaijani

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Noun

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عرق (definite accusative عرقی, plural عرقلار)

  1. Arabic spelling of araq (vodka)

Hijazi Arabic

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Root
ع ر ق
1 term

Etymology 1

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From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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عرق (ʕaragm

  1. sweat
  2. arak

Etymology 2

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From Arabic عِرْقْ (ʕirq).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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عرق (ʕirgm (plural عُرُوق (ʕurūg))

  1. vein
  2. race (descent)

Etymology 3

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From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʕi.riɡ/, [ʕɪ.rɪɡ]

Verb

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عِرِق (ʕirig) I (non-past يِعْرَق (yiʕrag))

  1. to sweat
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of عرق (ʕirig)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عرقت (ʕirigt) عرقت (ʕirigt) عرق (ʕirig) عرقنا (ʕirigna) عرقتوا (ʕirigtu) عرقوا (ʕirgu)
f عرقتي (ʕirigti) عرقت (ʕirgat)
non-past m أعرق (ʔaʕrag) تعرق (tiʕrag) يعرق (yiʕrag) نعرق (niʕrag) تعرقوا (tiʕragu) يعرقوا (yiʕragu)
f تعرقي (tiʕragi) تعرق (tiʕrag)
imperative m اعرق (aʕrag) اعرقوا (aʕragu)
f اعرقي (aʕragi)

Etymology 4

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From Arabic عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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عَرَّق (ʕarrag) II (non-past يِعَرِّق (yiʕarrig))

  1. to sweat
  2. to make sweat, to promote perspiration
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of عرق (ʕarrag)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عرقت (ʕarragt) عرقت (ʕarragt) عرق (ʕarrag) عرقنا (ʕarragna) عرقتوا (ʕarragtu) عرقوا (ʕarragu)
f عرقتي (ʕarragti) عرقت (ʕarragat)
non-past m أعرق (ʔaʕarrig) تعرق (tiʕarrig) يعرق (yiʕarrig) نعرق (niʕarrig) تعرقوا (tiʕarrigu) يعرقوا (yiʕarrigu)
f تعرقي (tiʕarrigi) تعرق (tiʕarrig)
imperative m عرق (ʕarrig) عرقوا (ʕarrigu)
f عرقي (ʕarrigi)

Moroccan Arabic

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Root
ع ر ق
2 terms

Etymology 1

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From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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عرق (ʕraq) I (non-past يعرق (yiʕraq)) (intransitive)

  1. to sweat
    كنعرق فيساع فهاد الجو.kanaʕraq fīsāʕ f-hād el-jaww.I sweat quickly in this weather.
Conjugation
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The template Template:ary-conj-fʕal-yifʕal does not use the parameter(s):
1=ع
2=ر
3=ق
4=ʕ
5=r
6=q
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

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From Arabic عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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عرق (ʕarraq) II (non-past يعرق (yʕarraq)) (transitive)

  1. to make sweat
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of عرق
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عرّقت (ʕarraqt) عرّقتي (ʕarraqti) عرّق (ʕarraq) عرّقنا (ʕarraqna) عرّقتوا (ʕarraqtu) عرّقوا (ʕarrqu)
f عرّقت (ʕarrqāt)
non-past m نعرّق (nʕarraq) تعرّق (tʕarraq) يعرّق (yʕarraq) نعرّقوا (nʕarrqu) تعرّقوا (tʕarrqu) يعرّقوا (yʕarrqu)
f تعرّقي (tʕarrqi) تعرّق (tʕarraq)
imperative m عرّق (ʕarraq) عرّقوا (ʕarrqu)
f عرّقي (ʕarrqi)

Etymology 3

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From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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عرق (ʕarqm

  1. sweat
    غيمرضك العرق فهاد البرد.
    ḡaymarrḍak el-ʕarq f-hād el-bard.
    The sweat will make you sick in this cold weather.

Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq, root; blood vessel, vein).

Noun

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عرق (ʿırk) (plural عروق (ʿuruk))

  1. (botany) root, the generally underground part of a plant that anchors and supports its body
    Synonym: كوك (kök)
  2. (figuratively) root, origin, source, the beginning or starting point of something
    Synonym: كوك (kök)
  3. (anatomy) vein, a blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart
    Synonyms: رگ (reg), طمر (damar)
  4. (figuratively) temperament, disposition, a person's normal manner of thinking or behaving
    Synonyms: خوی (huy), طبع (tabʼ), طمر (damar), مزاج (mizac)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, sweat, perspiration).

Noun

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عرق (ʿarak)

  1. sweat, perspiration, a fluid that exits the body through pores in the skin
    Synonym: تر (ter)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Further reading

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Persian

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Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? araq
Dari reading? araq
Iranian reading? arağ
Tajik reading? araq

Noun

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عَرَق (araq)

  1. sweat, perspiration
    Synonym: خوی (xoy)
    • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 110:
      آفتی گردد که کوکبها بروی مه روند
      از عرق چون بر گل رویش شود پیدا گلاب
      āfatē gardad ki kawkabhā ba-rō-yi mah rawand
      az araq čūn bar gul-i rōyaš šawad paydā gulāb
      It is a calamity for stars [metaphor for drops of sweat] to go to the face of the moon [metaphor for pale face],
      When rosewater appears on the rose of your face from sweat.
      (Classical Persian transliteration)
  2. arak, araq (aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink)
  3. spirit, any type of distilled alcoholic beverage
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? irq
Dari reading? irq
Iranian reading? erğ
Tajik reading? irq

Noun

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عرق (erq)

  1. blood vein
    Synonym: رگ (rag)
  2. root, origin, stock, lineage
    Synonyms: ریشه (riše), نژاد (nežâd), اصل (asl)

Further reading

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  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عرق”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

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Root
ع ر ق
2 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʕi.riʔ/, [ˈʕi.rɪʔ]
  • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

Verb

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عرق (ʕiriʔ) I (present بعرق (biʕraʔ))

  1. to sweat

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of عرق (ʕiriʔ)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عرقت (ʕriʔt) عرقت (ʕriʔt) عرق (ʕiriʔ) عرقنا (ʕriʔna) عرقتو (ʕriʔtu) عرقو (ʕirʔu)
f عرقتي (ʕriʔti) عرقت (ʕirʔat)
present m بعرق (baʕraʔ) بتعرق (btiʕraʔ) بعرق (biʕraʔ) منعرق (mniʕraʔ) بتعرقو (btiʕraʔu) بعرقو (biʕraʔu)
f بتعرقي (btiʕraʔi) بتعرق (btiʕraʔ)
subjunctive m أعرق (ʔaʕraʔ) تعرق (tiʕraʔ) يعرق (yiʕraʔ) نعرق (niʕraʔ) تعرقو (tiʕraʔu) يعرقو (yiʕraʔu)
f تعرقي (tiʕraʔi) تعرق (tiʕraʔ)
imperative m اعرق (iʕraʔ) اعرقو (iʕraʔu)
f اعرقي (iʕraʔi)

See also

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Urdu

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian عرق ('araq), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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عَرَق ('araqm (Hindi spelling अरक़)

  1. sweat, perspiration, exuded moisture
  2. juice, essence
  3. (figuratively) liquor

References

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  • عرق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • عرق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.