کو

See also: گو, كو, -کو, کو-, Appendix:Variations of "ko", and Appendix:Variations of "ku"

Alviri-Vidari

Adverb

کو (ko)

1. (interrogative) where

Related terms

• کده (kode)

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Deccani

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

Ultimately from a derivative of Sanskrit कृ (kṛ, “to do”). Compare Hindi को (ko) / Urdu کو (ko), Braj कौ (kau).

Postposition

کو (kū)

1. marks the dative case: to

   میرے کو ― mere kū ― to me

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Malay

Alternative forms

• aku
• ku (ku- / -ku)
• daku
• اکو
• داکو

Etymology

Shortened form of اکو (aku), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Malayic *aku, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *aku, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ku/
• Rhymes: -ku, -u

Pronoun

کو (Rumi spelling ku)

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Usage notes

• Not appropriate when the audience is anyone who is elder or of higher status.

Derived terms

• کو-
• -کو

See also

Malay personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person	standard	saya / ساي aku/ku- / اکو / كو- (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو (informal possessive) hamba / همبا (dated)	kami / کامي (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive)
	royal	beta / بيتا
2nd person	standard	kamu / کامو anda / اندا (formal)
		engkau/kau- / اڠکاو/ كاو- (informal/towards God) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو (possessive)	awak semua / اوق سموا kamu semua / كامو سموا kalian / کالين (informal) kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal)
	royal	tuanku / توانكو
3rd person	standard	dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / -ڽ (possessive)	mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal)
	royal	baginda / بݢيندا

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Urdu

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

Ultimately from a derivative of Sanskrit कृ (kṛ, “to do”). Compare Braj कौ (kau), Assamese -ক (-k).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /koː/

Postposition

کو • (ko) (Hindi spelling को)

1. marks the dative case: to

   میرے بھائی کو پانی دیں۔ ― mere bhāī ko pānī dẽ. ― Please give some water to my elder brother.

   لاہور کو ― lāhaur ko ― to Lahore

   اوپر کو ― ūpar ko ― upwards

2. in, at the time of

   میں شام کو گھر لوٹوں گا۔ ― ma͠i śām ko ghar lauṭū̃ gā. ― I will return home in the evening.

Usage notes

کو (ko) marks the dative. It can be used as a postfix similar to -wards (e.g. اوپر کو (ūpar ko, “upwards”); آگے کو (āge ko, “afterwards”)).

It is suffixed to oblique forms of pronouns as well, e.g. the dative of میں (ma͠i, “I”) is مجھ کو (mujh ko).

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “को”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “کو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ká”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press