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Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 44, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木 (SFD), four-corner 77294, composition )

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 301, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7689
  • Dae Jaweon: page 598, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 973, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5C4E

Chinese

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic (OC *hli, body) + semantic (rice). The component was originally three to five dots (four dots was the most common one; faeces coming out of the backside) in the oracle bone script, thus representing a man defecating.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (excrement).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage)

  1. excrement; poop (Classifier: m;  c;  c)
  2. secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc.
  3. residue; waste; debris
  4. (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable
  5. (vulgar) useless thing
Synonyms

Compounds

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Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (32)
Final () (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter xjij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun
/hi/
Shao
Rongfen
/xjɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hi/
Li
Rong
/xi/
Wang
Li
/xi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hei1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ xjij ›
Old
Chinese
/*[qʰ]ij/ (dialect: *qʰ- > *x-, no palatalization)
English moan

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 11401
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hri/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage)

  1. Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. excrement, feces, poop

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
くそ
Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

From Proto-Japonic *kuso. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, stinky, smelly), 腐る (kusaru, to rot, to become stinky).[1]

Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

Noun

(くそ) (kuso

  1. (colloquial) feces, excrement
Derived terms
Idioms

Interjection

(くそ) (kuso

  1. (swear word) shit
Usage notes

This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.

Prefix

(くそ) (kuso-

  1. A derogatory prefix.
    (くそ)(じじ)
    kusojijī
    crappy old man

Suffix

(くそ) (-kuso

  1. A derogatory emphasizing suffix.
    下手(へた)(くそ)
    hetakuso
    crappy bad at something; to be shit at doing something
    襤褸(ぼろ)(くそ)
    borokuso
    broken down for shit, raggedy-ass

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
ばば
Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

Appears to derive from baby talk.[1][2] Compare English poopoo.

Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

Noun

(ばば) (baba

  1. (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie
  2. (children's word): something unclean
Idioms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(si) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) (thỉ, xái)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.