怵惕

Chinese

		fearful; timid; to fear	fearful; respectful
trad. (怵惕)		怵	惕
simp. #(怵惕)		怵	惕

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chùtì

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˋ ㄊㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeot¹ tik¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chùtì
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˋ ㄊㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chùtì
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu⁴-tʻi⁴
    • Yale: chù-tì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuhtih
    • Palladius: чути (čuti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeot¹ tik¹
    • Yale: jēut tīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoet⁷ tik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêd¹ tig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵt̚⁵ tʰɪk̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: trhwit thek

Rime
Character	怵	惕
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	諄 (52)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	丑律切	他歷切
Baxter	trhwit	thek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰiuɪt̚/	/tʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰʷit̚/	/tʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰjuet̚/	/tʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰwit̚/	/tʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/ȶʰiuĕt̚/	/tʰek̚/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭuĕt̚/	/tʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯uĕt̚/	/tʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chu	ti
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceot1	tik1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰud  l̥ʰeːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tì
Middle Chinese	‹ thek ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁek/
English	anxious, worried
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怵	惕
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11850	15041
Phonetic component	术	易
Rime group	物	錫
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	黜	逖
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰud/	/*l̥ʰeːɡ/

Adjective

怵惕

1. (literary) scared; alarmed

   • 所以謂人皆有不忍人之心者，今人乍見孺子將入於井，皆有怵惕惻隱之心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     所以谓人皆有不忍人之心者，今人乍见孺子将入于井，皆有怵惕恻隐之心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Suǒyǐ wèi rén jiēyǒu bùrěnrénzhīxīn zhě, jīn rén zhà jiàn rúzǐ jiāng rùyú jǐng, jiēyǒu chùtì cèyǐn zhīxīn. [Pinyin]

     When I say that all men have a mind which cannot bear to see the sufferings of others, my meaning may be illustrated thus: even now-a-days, if men suddenly see a child about to fall into a well, they will without exception experience a feeling of alarm and distress.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
怵	惕
じゅっ Hyōgaiji	てき Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じゅってき [jùttékí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨᵝt̚te̞kʲi]

Noun

怵(じゅっ)惕(てき) • (jutteki) 

1. scared; alarmed