憔悴

Chinese

		haggard	haggard; sad; downcast haggard; sad; downcast; distressed
simp. and trad. (憔悴)		憔	悴
alternative forms		蕉萃 癄瘁 顦顇／憔悴 顦悴／憔悴 憔瘁 蕉萃 癄瘁 顦顇／憔悴 顦悴／憔悴 憔瘁 憔顇／憔悴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiáocuì

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄘㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu⁴ seoi⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiâu-chhùi / chiâu-chūi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zieu¹ zui⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiáocuì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄘㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciáocuèi
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiao²-tsʻui⁴
    • Yale: chyáu-tswèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyautsuey
    • Palladius: цяоцуй (cjaocuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ciu⁴ seoi⁵
    • Yale: chìuh séuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu⁴ soey⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: qiu⁴ sêu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ sɵy̯¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâu-chhùi
    • Tâi-lô: tsiâu-tshuì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciauzhuix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siau²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâu-chūi
    • Tâi-lô: tsiâu-tsuī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciauzui
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siau²³⁻³³ t͡sui³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siau¹³⁻²² t͡sui²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zieu¹ zui⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiṳu tsŭi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɯu³³⁻²³ t͡sui³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dzjew dzwijH

Rime
Character	憔	悴
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	昨焦切	秦醉切
Baxter	dzjew	dzwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziᴇu/	/d͡ziuɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɛu/	/d͡zʷiH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjæu/	/d͡zjuɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziaw/	/d͡zwiH/
Li Rong	/d͡ziɛu/	/d͡zuiH/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭɛu/	/d͡zwiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ɛu/	/d͡zʱwiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiáo	zuì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ciu4	zeoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zew  zuds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憔	悴
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6356	17947
Phonetic component	焦	卒
Rime group	宵	隊
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	樵	萃
Old Chinese	/*zew/	/*zuds/

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 憔悴

1. (of person) wan and sallow; thin and pallid; haggard; emaciated

   • 衣帶漸寬終不悔，為伊銷得人憔悴。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊销得人憔悴。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Lyrics to the Melody of Butterflies Chasing Flowers (蝶戀花)

     Yīdài jiàn kuān zhōng bù huǐ, wèi yī xiāo dé rén qiáocuì. [Pinyin]

     Becoming loose are my clothes yet I regret not,
     For I languish and suffer for her willingly.

2. (of plants) withered; wilted
3. (literary, of person) weary; enervated

Verb

憔悴

1. (literary) to suffer; to experience hardship; to languish; to be worried

   • 民之憔悴於虐政，未有甚於此時者也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     民之憔悴于虐政，未有甚于此时者也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Mín zhī qiáocuì yú nüèzhèng, wèi yǒu shèn yú cǐshí zhě yě. [Pinyin]

     Never was there a time when the sufferings of the people from tyrannical government were more intense than the present.