核

See also: 覈

Translingual

Han character

核 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木卜女人 (DYVO), four-corner 4098₂, composition ⿰木亥)

Derived characters

• 𫈺

Related characters

• 覈 (Variant form in mainland China)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32173
• Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1206, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6838

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
該	*kɯː
垓	*kɯː
賅	*kɯː
陔	*kɯː
豥	*kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄	*kɯː, *krɯː
郂	*kɯː
姟	*kɯː
絯	*kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐	*kɯː
峐	*kɯː
侅	*kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲	*kɯː
頦	*kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒	*kʰɯː
輆	*kʰɯːʔ
欬	*kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋	*ŋɡɯːɡs
閡	*ŋɡɯːɡs
咳	*qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩	*ɡɯː
亥	*ɡɯːʔ
劾	*ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎	*krɯː
烗	*kʰrɯːɡs
骸	*ɡrɯː
駭	*ɡrɯːʔ
刻	*kʰɯːɡ
餩	*qɯːɡ
核	*ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) – a kind of tree. Modern meanings are borrowed.

Etymology 1

Sino-Tibetan: "kernel" > "to investigate". Related to 骸 (hái); compare Tibetan [script needed] (rag) and Karbi rak (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		核
alternative forms		𣝗

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 核

1. seed; pit; stone; kernel; core; nut

   𦧲返啲核出嚟 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   From: Kaifang Cidian

   loe¹ faan¹ di¹ wat⁶ ceot¹ lei⁴ [Jyutping]

   spit the seeds/pits back out

2. (physics, chemistry, biology) nucleus
3. (physics) nuclear

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		核
alternative forms		覈

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hé (he²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): he²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hat⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): het
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hug⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hé
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hé
    • Wade–Giles: ho²
    • Yale: hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
    • Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: he²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xe
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɛ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hat⁶
    • Yale: haht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: het
    • Hakka Romanization System: hed`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /het̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hug⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huk̚⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 核
Mandarin	Beijing	/xɤ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xɤ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xɤ⁴⁵/ ～算 /xu⁴⁵/ 棗～兒
	Jinan	/xə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xɛ⁴²/ ～心 /xuə⁴²/ ～桃
	Zhengzhou	/xai⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xai²¹/ ～算 /xu²⁴/ 桃～儿
	Xining	/xɛ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xa¹³/ ～算 /xɛ¹³/ ～算 /xə¹³/ ～算 /xɯ¹³/ ～桃
	Lanzhou	/xə⁵³/ /xu⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xɤ⁵¹/ /xu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xe³¹/
	Guiyang	/xɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/xə³¹/
	Nanjing	/xəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/xɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xəʔ²/ ～算 /kəʔ⁵⁴/ ～桃
	Pingyao	/kʌʔ⁵³/ ～桃 /kʰʌʔ¹³/ 審～
	Hohhot	/xaʔ⁴³/ ～算 /xu³¹/ 棗～子
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦəʔ¹/ /ŋəʔ¹/ /ɦuəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ŋəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/xɛʔ²¹/ ～對 /xɛ²²/ 山～桃
	Tunxi	/xə¹¹/ /uən²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xə²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/hæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɛʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hak̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/het̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐt̚²/ ～對 /wɐt̚²/ 桃～
	Nanning	/wɐt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/hɐt̚²/ ～對 /wɐt̚²/ 桃～
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/houʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xo⁴⁴/ 名 /xɛ²⁴/ 動
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hek̚²/ /huk̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hut̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: heak

Rime
Character	核
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麥 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	下革切
Baxter	heak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɛk̚/
Wang Li	/ɣæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hak6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ<r>ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	核
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁ<r>ək/
English	kernel fruit; scrutinize
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	核
Reading #	2/2
No.	4843
Phonetic component	亥
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	覈
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 核

1. rigorous; detailed; reliable
2. to examine; to check; to verify

Usage notes

• In mainland China, 覈 (hé) is considered a variant form (異體字／异体字) of 核 that is simplified to 核.

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		核

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāi (gai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gai
    • Wade–Giles: kai¹
    • Yale: gāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gai
    • Palladius: гай (gaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 核

1. a kind of tree
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 荄 (gāi).

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		核

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kài (kai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kài
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kài
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai⁴
    • Yale: kài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kay
    • Palladius: кай (kaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 核

1. eaves of a house

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01911
• “核”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

核

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku)
• Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: さね (sane, 核)

Compounds

• 原(げん)子(し)核(かく) (genshikaku, “atomic nucleus”)
• 細(さい)胞(ぼう)核(かく) (saibōkaku, “cell nucleus”)
• 核(かく)実(じっ)験(けん) (kakujikken, “nuclear test”)
• 核(かく)兵(へい)器(き) (kakuheiki, “nuclear weapons”)
• 尾(び)状(じょう)核(かく) (bijōkaku, “caudate nucleus”)
• 扁(へん)桃(とう)核(かく) (hentōkaku, “amygdala”)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
核
かく Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

核(かく) • (kaku) 

1. atomic nucleus
2. (algebra) kernel
3. (astronomy) core, nucleus
4. cell nucleus

Synonyms

• (atomic nucleus): 原(げん)子(し)核(かく) (genshikaku)
• (cell nucleus): 細(さい)胞(ぼう)核(かく) (saibōkaku)

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Korean

Hanja

核 • (haek, hol) (hangeul 핵, 홀, revised haek, hol, McCune–Reischauer haek, hol, Yale hayk, hol)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 核 (hạch)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation