沼

Translingual

Han character

沼 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸竹口 (ESHR), four-corner 3716₂, composition ⿰氵召)

1. lake
2. fishpond
3. swamps

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17257
• Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1597, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6CBC

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		沼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
刀	*taːw
忉	*taːw
魛	*taːw
舠	*taːw
朷	*taːw, *moːɡ
叨	*tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw
倒	*taːwʔ, *taːws
到	*taːws
菿	*taːws, *rtaːwɢ
鞀	*deːw
鳭	*rteːw, *teːw
灱	*hreːw
菬	*sdew, *tjewʔ
超	*tʰew
怊	*tʰew, *tʰjew
欩	*tʰew
召	*dews, *djews
昭	*tjew
招	*tjew
鉊	*tjew
沼	*tjewʔ
照	*tjews
詔	*tjews
炤	*tjews
弨	*tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ
眧	*tʰjewʔ
韶	*djew
佋	*djew, *djewʔ
軺	*djew, *lew
玿	*djew
柖	*djew
紹	*djewʔ
袑	*djewʔ
綤	*djewʔ
邵	*djews
劭	*djews
卲	*djews
刁	*teːw
芀	*teːw, *deːw
貂	*teːw
蛁	*teːw
迢	*deːw
苕	*deːw
髫	*deːw
岧	*deːw

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǎo (zhao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiáu / chiau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎo
    • Wade–Giles: chao³
    • Yale: jǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
    • Palladius: чжао (čžao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ziu²
    • Yale: jíu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dziu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: jiu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːu̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
    • Tâi-lô: tsiáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siau⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiau
    • Tâi-lô: tsiau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaw
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau³³/

Note:

• chiáu - literary;
• chiau - vernacular (俗).

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• Middle Chinese: tsyewX

Rime
Character	沼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之少切
Baxter	tsyewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇuX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛuX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciawX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛuX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ziu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tawʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjewʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	沼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyewX ›
Old Chinese	/*tawʔ/
English	pool
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沼
Reading #	1/1
No.	2130
Phonetic component	刀
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	沼
Old Chinese	/*tjewʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 沼

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

沼

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kun: ぬま (numa, 沼, Jōyō); ぬ (nu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
沼
ぬ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Root of the Old Japanese verb ぬる (nuru, “to become loose; to become wet”) and modern Japanese 濡れる (nureru, “to become wet”), adverb ぬるぬる (nurunuru, “loosely; lukewarmly; oozingly”).

May be cognate with Korean 늪 (neup, “swamp, bog, marsh”), Mongolian нам (nam, “low-lying”), намаг (namag, “swamp, bog, marsh”), норох (norox, “to become wet”).

Generally only used in compounds in modern Japanese.

Noun

沼(ぬ) • (nu) 

1. a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland

Derived terms

• 小(お)沼(ぬ) (onu): a swamp, particularly a small one
• 隠(こもり)沼(ぬ) (komorinu): a hidden bog

See also

• 沼間(ぬま) (Numa): a surname

Etymology 2

沼 (numa): a marsh, a wetland.

Kanji in this term
沼
ぬま Grade: S
kun'yomi

Appears to be a compound of 沼 (nu, “swamp”) +‎ 間 (ma, “space, area”).

Noun

沼(ぬま) • (numa) 

1. a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鹿(か)沼(ぬま) (Kanuma): Kanuma, Tochigi

See also

• 沼間(ぬま) (Numa): a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
沼
しょう Grade: S
on'yomi

/seu/ → /ɕeu/ → /ɕʲoː/

From Middle Chinese 沼 (tsyew^X, “swamp”). Compare modern Mandarin 沼 (zhǎo).

Only ever used in compounds.

Affix

沼(しょう) • (shō) ^{←せう (seu)?}

1. a swamp, a bog, a marsh, a wetland

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 沼気(しょうき) (shōki): swamp gas, methane
• 沼湖(しょうこ) (shōko): marshes and lakes
• 沼沢(しょうたく) (shōtaku): marshes and bogs
• 沼地(しょうち) (shōchi): clabber, marshy soil, marshy ground; a swampy place
• 沼池(しょうち) (shōchi): marshes and ponds
• 沼鉄鉱(しょうてっこう) (shōtekkō): bog iron

• 湖沼(こしょう) (koshō): lakes and marshes

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Korean

Hanja

沼 (eum 소 (so))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

沼: Hán Nôm readings: trẻo

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.