洛

Translingual

Han character

洛 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水竹水口 (EHER), four-corner 3716₄, composition ⿰氵各)

Derived characters

• 𠸪, 𪮔, 𪳅, 𫃶, 𪃕, 落, 𥯛, 𮢤, 𮦣

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17383
• Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1614, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6D1B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		洛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 洛
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	*ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	*klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	*ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): luò (luo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lok³ / lok⁶
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): log⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k / lo̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): log⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luò
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luò
    • Wade–Giles: lo⁴
    • Yale: lwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh
    • Palladius: ло (lo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lok³ / lok⁶
    • Yale: lok / lohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁸ / lok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: log³ / log⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚³/, /lɔːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: log⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lɔk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍h
    • Tâi-lô: lo̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loih
    • IPA (Xiamen): /loʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /loʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /loʔ¹²¹/

Note:

• lo̍k - literary;
• lo̍h - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: log⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lok̚⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 洛
Mandarin	Beijing	/luo⁵¹/
	Harbin	/luo⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/luə²¹/
	Qingdao	/luə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/luo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/luo²¹/
	Xining	/lu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/luə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/luə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/luɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nuo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/no³¹/
	Guiyang	/no²¹/
	Kunming	/lo³¹/
	Nanjing	/loʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/luɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/lʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/luaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/loʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/loʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/loʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/lo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/lɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/lo⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/lo²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/no²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lok̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/lok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/lɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/lɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lɔk̚⁵/ /loʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/louʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/lɔ⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lok̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lɔk̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: lak

Rime
Character	洛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧各切
Baxter	lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洛
Reading #	1/1
No.	3866
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	落
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 洛

1. Luo River (洛河) in Shaanxi, a tributary of the Wei River.
2. Luo River (洛河) in Henan, a tributary of the Yellow River.
3. Luo River (洛江) in Fujian, which flows into the Taiwan Strait in Quanzhou.
4. a surname
5. (Mainland China) Used in the phonetic transcription of /lɒ/, /lɔː/, and /loʊ/ into Chinese characters

References

• “洛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

洛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

• Go-on: らく (raku)
• Kan-on: らく (raku)
• Kun: みやこ (miyako, 洛); つらなる (tsuranaru, 洛なる); まとう (matō)

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Korean

Hanja

洛 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 洛 (rặc, chua, lạc, lặng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.