皆

See also: 昆

Translingual

Han character

皆 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心心竹日 (PPHA), four-corner 2160₁, composition ⿱比白)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 786, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22699
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2647, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7686

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Chinese

trad.		皆
simp. #		皆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 皆
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (皆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皆	*kriːl
偕	*kriːl
階	*kriːl
喈	*kriːl
稭	*kriːl, *kriːd
堦	*kriːl
楷	*kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
鶛	*kriːl
湝	*kriːl, *ɡriːl
蝔	*kriːl, *ɡriːl
鍇	*kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
揩	*kʰriːl
諧	*ɡriːl
瑎	*ɡriːl
龤	*ɡriːl

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 比 + 白.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiē (jie¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kai

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gai¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jie
    • Wade–Giles: chieh¹
    • Yale: jyē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaai¹
    • Yale: gāai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
    • Tâi-lô: kai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kay
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gai¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai³³/

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• Middle Chinese: keaj

Rime
Character	皆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古諧切
Baxter	keaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj/
Li Rong	/kɛi/
Wang Li	/kɐi/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kriːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiē
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛj ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrij/
English	all
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皆
Reading #	1/1
No.	6415
Phonetic component	皆
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	皆
Old Chinese	/*kriːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 皆

1. (literary) all; every; everybody

   自古皆有死  ―  zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ  ―  from of old, everyone is mortal (see 自古皆有死，民無信不立／自古皆有死，民无信不立 (zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wúxìnbùlì))

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Japanese

Kanji

皆

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
• Kun: みな (mina, 皆, Jōyō); みんな (minna, 皆)
• Nanori: とも (tomo); み (mi); みち (michi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
皆
みな Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 皆 – see the following entry.

【みな】 [noun] everyone, everybody [noun] all, everything

(This term, 皆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
皆
みんな Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 皆 – see the following entry.

【みんな】 [noun] everyone, everybody [noun] all, everything Alternative spelling 皆んな

(This term, 皆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

皆 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 皆 (giai)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.