砥

砥 U+7825, 砥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7825 ← 砤 [U+7824] CJK Unified Ideographs 砦 → [U+7826]

Translingual

Han character

砥 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口竹心一 (MRHPM) or 一口竹女戈 (MRHVI), four-corner 1264₀, composition ⿰石氐)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 37
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24093
• Dae Jaweon: page 1243, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2424, character 14
• Unihan data for U+7825

Chinese

trad.		砥
simp. #		砥

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (氐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
低	*tiːl
氐	*tiːl, *til
袛	*tiːl
羝	*tiːl
眡	*tiːl, *djilʔ
岻	*tiːl, *dil
奃	*tiːl
趆	*tiːl, *tiːls
柢	*tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls
邸	*tiːlʔ
底	*tiːlʔ
詆	*tiːlʔ, *diːl
坻	*tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil
抵	*tiːlʔ
牴	*tiːlʔ
觝	*tiːlʔ
弤	*tiːlʔ
軧	*tiːlʔ
骶	*tiːls
砥	*tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils
胝	*til
疷	*til
秪	*til
泜	*dil
蚳	*dil
彽	*dil
阺	*dil
貾	*dil
祗	*tjil
厎	*tjilʔ, *tjɯʔ
茋	*tjilʔ
鴟	*tʰjil
汦	*kjeʔ, *tjil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dǐ, zhǐ (di³, zhi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˇ, ㄓˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dai² / zi¹ / zi²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): té / tí

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǐ
    • Wade–Giles: ti³
    • Yale: dǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dii
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, obsolete)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chih³
    • Yale: jř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dai² / zi¹ / zi²
    • Yale: dái / jī / jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dai² / dzi¹ / dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: dei² / ji¹ / ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐi̯³⁵/, /t͡siː⁵⁵/, /t͡siː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: té
    • Tâi-lô: té
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dea
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /te⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tí
    • Tâi-lô: tí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: die
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ti⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• té - literary;
• tí - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyij, tsyeX, tsyijX

Rime
Character	砥	砥	砥
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	支 (11)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	旨夷切	諸氏切	職雉切
Baxter	tsyij	tsyeX	tsyijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪ/	/t͡ɕiᴇX/	/t͡ɕˠiɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕi/	/t͡ɕiɛX/	/t͡ɕᵚiX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪ/	/t͡ɕjɛX/	/t͡ɕiɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ci/	/ciə̆X/	/cjiX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕi/	/t͡ɕieX/	/t͡ɕjiX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi/	/t͡ɕǐeX/	/t͡ɕiX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi/	/t͡ɕie̯X/	/t͡ɕiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	zhǐ	zhǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi1	zi2	zi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjelʔ/, /*tjil/, /*tjilʔ/, /*tjils/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	砥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyijX ›
Old Chinese	/*tijʔ/
English	whetstone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	砥	砥	砥	砥
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	2258	2271	2273	2275
Phonetic component	氐	氐	氐	氐
Rime group	歌	脂	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	2	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	紙	脂	旨	至
Old Chinese	/*tjelʔ/	/*tjil/	/*tjilʔ/	/*tjils/

Definitions

砥

1. (literary) fine-grained whetstone
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to grind; to polish
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to temper oneself; to steel oneself
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smooth; level; even

Compounds

• 中流砥柱 (zhōngliúdǐzhù)
• 砥兵礪伍 / 砥兵砺伍
• 砥名勵節 / 砥名励节
• 砥平繩直 / 砥平绳直
• 砥志礪行 / 砥志砺行
• 砥據 / 砥据
• 砥柱 (dǐzhù)
• 砥柱中流
• 砥礪 / 砥砺 (dǐlì)
• 砥礪名節 / 砥砺名节 (dǐlìmíngjié)
• 砥礪名號 / 砥砺名号
• 砥礪名行 / 砥砺名行
• 砥礪廉隅 / 砥砺廉隅
• 砥礪清節 / 砥砺清节
• 砥礪風節 / 砥砺风节
• 砥節奉公 / 砥节奉公
• 砥節守公 / 砥节守公
• 砥節礪行 / 砥节砺行
• 砥行磨名
• 砥行立名
• 磨礱砥礪 / 磨砻砥砺

See also

• 磨刀石 (módāoshí)
• 磨石 (móshí)

References

• “砥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

砥

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. whetstone, grindstone

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi)、たい (tai)
• Kan-on: し (shi)、てい (tei)
• Kun: と (to, 砥)、とぐ (togu, 砥ぐ)、といし (toishi, 砥)、みがく (migaku, 砥く)、たいらにする (tairanisuru, 砥にする)

Compounds

• 砥礪(しれい) (shirei)
• 砥礪(ていれい) (teirei)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
砥
と Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Noun

砥(と) • (to) 

1. synonym of 砥石 (toishi, “whetstone”)

Derived terms

• 砥石(といし) (toishi)
• 砥糞(とくそ) (tokuso)
• 荒砥(あらと) (arato)
• 合(あ)わせ砥(ど) (awasedo)
• 伊予砥(いよと) (iyoto)
• 仕上(しあ)げ砥(と) (shiageto)
• 中砥(なかと) (nakato)
• 早砥(はやと) (hayato)
• 真砥(まと) (mato)

References

• “^▲砥”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

砥 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.