膜

Translingual

Han character

膜 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月廿日大 (BTAK), four-corner 7423₄, composition ⿰月莫)

Related characters

• 募 墓 幕 慕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29808
• Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2100, character 13
• Unihan data for U+819C

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Chinese

trad.		膜
simp. #		膜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 膜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	*maː, *maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	*maː, *maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	*maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mó, mò

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ, ㄇㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mok⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k / mo̍͘h / bo̍h / mo͘h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): moh⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mò
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mò
    • Wade–Giles: mo⁴
    • Yale: mwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mok⁶
    • Yale: mohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: mog⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bok
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo̍͘h
    • Tâi-lô: mo̍oh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moh
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍h
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boih
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /boʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /boʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /boʔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo͘h
    • Tâi-lô: mooh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moq
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ³²/

Note:

• bo̍k - literary;
• mo̍͘h/bo̍h/mo͘h - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: moh⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: mak

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	慕各切
Baxter	mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/mɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mok6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
No.	9253
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莫
Old Chinese	/*maːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 膜

1. membrane; film

   細胞膜／细胞膜  ―  xìbāomó  ―  cell membrane

   保鮮膜／保鲜膜  ―  bǎoxiānmó  ―  plastic wrap

   鍍鋁膜／镀铝膜  ―  dùlǚmó  ―  aluminum-coated polyester film

2. (physics) brane
3. small gap
4. to placate
5. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 漠 (mò).

Etymology 2

Clipping of 南膜 (MC nom mu), which is from Sanskrit नमस् (namas, “bow; obeisance; salutation”). Compare 南無.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mó (mo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mou⁴
    • Yale: mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: mu

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Baxter	mu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
No.	9245
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 膜

1. Short for 膜拜 (móbài, “to prostrate oneself in worship”).

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Japanese

Kanji

膜

(Jōyō kanji)

1. membrane; film

Readings

• Go-on: まく (maku, Jōyō)、も (mo)
• Kan-on: ばく (baku)、ぼ (bo)
• Kun: うすかわ (usukawa)

Compounds

• 葡萄膜(ぶどうまく) (budōmaku): uvea

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Korean

Hanja

膜 • (mak, mo) (hangeul 막, 모, revised mak, mo, McCune–Reischauer mak, mo, Yale mak, mo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 膜 (màng, mô)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.