船

See also: 舩

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

The top-right part can be either 八 or 几, depending on the script; Japanese: 船, mainland China: 船, traditional Chinese: 船, Korean 船; see Han unification

Han character

船 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜金口 (HYCR) or 竹卜竹弓口 (HYHNR), four-corner 2846₀, composition ⿰舟㕣)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1010, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30407
• Dae Jaweon: page 1468, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3060, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8239

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Chinese

trad.		船
simp. #		船
alternative forms		舩／船

拖斗挖泥船

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 船
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (沿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
船	*ɦljon
沿	*lon
鉛	*lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljon) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (“boat”). Compare Burmese လောင်း (laung:, “long and narrow boat”).

Sagart (1999) interprets Old Chinese 船 (OC *ɦljon) as a nominal derivate of the verb 沿 (OC *lon, “to go downstream a river”). The Fangyan states the this word was commonly used in western China, but, by Han times, it had completely displaced the earlier 舟 (OC *tjɯw), used in central and eastern China.

Alternatively, the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root could be a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₂lu(u)ŋ ~ *d₂l(u)əŋ (“boat”), whence Mon ဂၠုၚ် (klɜ̀ŋ, “canoe, small boat”), perhaps a derivate of Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋh ~ *luuŋh ~ *ləŋh (“to hollow, excavate, bore”), see Khmer លុង (lung, “to dig a hole”) and Vietnamese trũng (“concave”) (Sidwell, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chuán (chuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄢˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чуан (čuan, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): son³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sòn
• Northern Min (KCR): ǔing
• Eastern Min (BUC): sùng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chûn / soân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zung⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zoe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuán
    • Wade–Giles: chʻuan²
    • Yale: chwán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwan
    • Palladius: чуань (čuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чуан (čuan, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰuæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: syun⁴
    • Yale: syùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: syn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: xun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: son³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sᵘɔn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sòn
    • Hakka Romanization System: sonˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: son²
    • Sinological IPA: /son¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǔing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûn / soân
    • Tâi-lô: tsûn / suân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuun, soaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sun²⁴/, /suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun²⁴/, /suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun¹³/, /suan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun²⁴/, /suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sun²³/, /suan²³/

Note:

• chûn - vernacular;
• soân - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zung⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsûng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶zoe
    • MiniDict: zoe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 船
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuan³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰuan²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰuan⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰuã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/p͡fʰã²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰuã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fʰɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰuan²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰuan³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰuan²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰʰuæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zø²³/
	Suzhou	/zø¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷõ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jy³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰye⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕyẽ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑyẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/son¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʃon¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/syn²¹/
	Nanning	/syn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/syn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/suan³⁵/ /t͡sun³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/suŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/yiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tun³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: zywen

Rime
Character	船
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食川切
Baxter	zywen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑwian/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiuɛn/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭwɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lo[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	船
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuán
Middle Chinese	‹ zywen ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.lo[n]/
English	boat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	船
Reading #	1/1
No.	14278
Phonetic component	沿
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	船
Old Chinese	/*ɦljon/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 船

1. watercraft; vessel (including ships, boats, sailing ships, hovercrafts; sometimes including submarines) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 艘 m; 隻／只 m)
2. an object with a shape or function similar to watercraft

   太空船  ―  tàikōngchuán  ―  spaceship

3. alcohol cup
4. to carry by watercraft
5. button
6. a surname

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

船

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. ship, vessel, large ship

Readings

• Go-on: ぜん (zen)
• Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふな (funa, 船, Jōyō ^†); ふね (fune, 船, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
船
ふね Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese [script needed] (pune₂), from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Noun

船(ふね) • (fune) 

1. ship, vessel, larger ship

See also

• 舟(ふね) (fune, “boat, ship, small ship”)

Synonyms

• 船舶(せんぱく) (senpaku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
船
ふな Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Noun

船(ふな) • (funa) 

1. ship, vessel, larger ship

See also

• 舟(ふな) (funa, “boat, ship, small ship”)

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Korean

Hanja

船 • (seon) (hangeul 선)

1. ship, boat, vessel

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Kunigami

Kanji

船

• Kun: ぷにー (phunī)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʰuniː/

Noun

船 (hiragana ぷにー, romaji phunī)

1. boat

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Miyako

Kanji

船

• Kun: ふに (funi)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fu̥ni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

1. boat

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Okinawan

Kanji

船

• Kun: ふに (funi)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɸuni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

1. boat

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 船 (thuyền)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Yaeyama

Kanji

船

• Kun: ふに (funi)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɸuni/

Noun

船 (hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

1. boat

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Yonaguni

Kanji

船

• Kun: んに (nni)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nni/

Noun

船 (hiragana んに, romaji nni)

1. boat