鏟

See also: 剗, 剷, and 铲

鏟 U+93DF, 鏟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93DF ← 鏞 [U+93DE] CJK Unified Ideographs 鏠 → [U+93E0]

Translingual

Han character

鏟 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜竹一 (CYHM) or 金卜大一 (CYKM), four-corner 8011₅, composition ⿰釒産(GV) or ⿰釒產(HTJK))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1320, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40810
• Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4251, character 2
• Unihan data for U+93DF

Chinese

trad.		鏟/剷*
simp.		铲*
alternative forms		𨪑 historical form 𨲨 historical form 𩮲 historical form 𠚿 historical form 𱐙 early simplified form

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (彦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
喭	*ŋaːns, *ŋrans
鏟	*sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns
産	*sŋreːnʔ
簅	*sreːnʔ
摌	*sreːnʔ
嵼	*sŋreːnʔ
滻	*sŋreːnʔ
顏	*ŋraːn
楌	*ŋraːn
偐	*ŋraːns
齴	*ŋranʔ
遃	*ŋranʔ
嵃	*ŋranʔ
彦	*ŋrans
諺	*ŋrans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns): semantic 金 + phonetic 產 (OC *sŋreːnʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chǎn (chan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cuan³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caan²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhán

  (Hailu, HRS): can^ˊ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): can³

• Northern Min (KCR): chǔing
• Eastern Min (BUC): tē̤
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cang³ / cia³ / cae³ / ciann³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhán / sán / chhián
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻan³
    • Yale: chǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaan
    • Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cuan³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cuan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caan²
    • Yale: cháan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: can²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhán
    • Hakka Romanization System: can^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: can³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: can^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: can³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǔing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tē̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰœ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cang³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: châng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cang³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ³³²/
  • (Putian, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cia³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chiâⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia⁴⁵³/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cae³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ciann³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰĩã³³²/

Note:

• cang3 - literary;
• cia3/cae3/ciann3 - vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhán
    • Tâi-lô: tshán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zharn
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰan⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰan⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sán
    • Tâi-lô: sán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sarn
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /san⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /san⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhián
    • Tâi-lô: tshián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiern
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• Quanzhou:
  • chhán - literary;
  • chhián - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshe
    • MiniDict: tshe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰe³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrheanX, tsrhaenH

Rime
Character	鏟	鏟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	初限切	初鴈切
Baxter	tsrheanX	tsrhaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠɛnX/	/t͡ʃʰˠanH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚænX/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰænX/	/t͡ʃʰɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰəɨnX/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨnH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰɛnX/	/t͡ʃʰanH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰænX/	/t͡ʃʰanH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰănX/	/ʈ͡ʂʰanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǎn	chàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caan2	caan3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ/, /*sŋ̊ʰraːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鏟	鏟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	14398	14404
Phonetic component	彦	彦
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	剗	鏟
Old Chinese	/*sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ/	/*sŋ̊ʰraːns/

Definitions

鏟

1. spade; shovel; scoop
2. to shovel; to level off
3. to root out; to destroy
4. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to delete (data on a computer or other device)

   剷咗個app／铲咗个app [Cantonese]  ―  caan² zo² go³ ep¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to delete the app

Usage notes

The traditional form 剷 is usually reserved for the verb sense.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鏟子 (“shovel; spade”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鍤
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鏟子, 鐵鍬
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	鏟子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	鏟子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	鏟鏟
	Wuhan	鏟子
	Guiyang	鏟鏟
	Liuzhou	鐵鏟
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	鏟子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鐵鏟
	Hong Kong	鏟
	Dongguan	鐵鏟
Gan	Nanchang	鏟子
	Lichuan	鏟子
Hakka	Meixian	鐵鏟
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	砂撩
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	撩鏟, 圓筆, 砂撩
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	砂撩
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	砂撩
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	砂撩
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鉛筆
Jin	Taiyuan	鏟子
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鏟
Southern Min	Xiamen	拓仔, 鎙仔
	Zhangzhou	拓仔, 塗挑
	Taipei	沙挑, 尖挑
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	沙挑
	Kaohsiung	鉛筆
	Yilan	沙挑
	Changhua (Lukang)	鉛筆仔
	Taichung	塗鍤
	Tainan	塗挑
	Hsinchu	沙挑
	Kinmen	拓仔, 鎙
	Penghu (Magong)	拓仔
	Shantou	鐵鏟
	Haikou	鐵鏟, 鏟
Wu	Danyang	鏟子
Xiang	Changsha	鏟子, 洋鏟
	Loudi	鏟子

Compounds

• 月牙鏟 / 月牙铲
• 金鐘鏟 / 金钟铲
• 鍋鏟 / 锅铲 (guōchǎn)
• 鏟土機 / 铲土机 (chǎntǔjī)
• 鏟子 / 铲子 (chǎnzi)
• 鏟幣 / 铲币
• 鏟平 / 铲平 (chǎnpíng)
• 鏟蹚 / 铲蹚
• 鏟除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
• 鏟雪車 / 铲雪车
• 鏟青 / 铲青
• 鏟頭 / 铲头

References

• “鏟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “铲”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 210.

Japanese

Kanji

鏟

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): さん (san)、せん (sen)
• Kun: いたがね (itagane)

Korean

Hanja

鏟 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鏟: Hán Việt readings: sạn, sản
鏟: Nôm readings: sản, san, sán, xẻng, sám

1. chữ Hán form of sạn (“shovel”)
2. chữ Nôm form of xẻng (“shovel”)