閒
Translingual
Han character
閒 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓月 (ANB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿵門月)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41248
- Dae Jaweon: page 1838, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4289, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9592
Chinese
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間).
Etymology 1
trad. | 閒/閑* | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 闲* |
Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).
Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).
Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàn
- Northern Min (KCR): ǎing
- Eastern Min (BUC): èng / hàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6ghe; 6yi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haan4 / haan4-2
- Yale: hàahn / háan
- Cantonese Pinyin: haan4 / haan4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: han4 / han4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːn²¹/, /haːn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: han3
- Sinological IPA (key): /han²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàn
- Hakka Romanization System: hanˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: han2
- Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /aiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: èng / hàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- èng - vernacular;
- hàng - literary.
- Southern Min
- êng/ûiⁿ/âiⁿ - vernacular;
- hân - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: oin5 / ain5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ôiⁿ / âiⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /õĩ⁵⁵/, /ãĩ⁵⁵/
- ain5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang;
- oin5 - other places.
- 3hhe - vernacular;
- 3hhi - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 閒 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ɕian²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕian⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕian⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /xã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ɕiã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕian⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕian⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /xiɛn²¹³/ 休~ /xan²¹³/ 不得~ | |
Chengdu | /ɕian³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕian²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕien²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ /ɦie²³/ /ɦi²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɦa³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /xɔ⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xan¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ɦan¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /han²⁴/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /han¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /hɑn¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /han²¹/ |
Nanning | /hɛn²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /han²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ham³⁵/ /hiŋ³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ɛiŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /aiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /õi⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /haŋ³¹/ /ai³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: hean
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤre[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːn/
Definitions
- not busy; idle
- 噇飽恰閒。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
- Chòng bā kák-èng. / [t͡sʰouŋ⁵³ pa³³ kʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ɛiŋ⁵³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
- Have nothing else to do. / Don't you have nothing else to do? / Mind your own concerns/business.
噇饱恰闲。 [Eastern Min, simp.]
- vacant; unoccupied; unused
- leisurely and carefree
- trivial; unimportant
- unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others
- relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm
- leisure; spare time; free time
- (gambling) player (instead of banker)
- a surname
Antonyms
- (not busy): 忙 (máng)
Compounds
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Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 閒 – see 間 (“among; between; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 間). |
Korean
Hanja
閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 閒 (gian, nhàn, gián)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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