須

See also: 须, 鬚, 䇓, and 𩓣

Translingual

Han character

須 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹一月金 (HHMBC), four-corner 2128₆, composition ⿰彡頁)

Derived characters

• 𠾫, 𣛪, 𦄼(𬘳), 𨅑, 𨬗, 𣌌, 𢊼, 蕦, 𥳗, 𩅺, 鬚, 嬃(媭), 𢄼(𫷈), 澃, 𩒹, 盨(𪾔), 䇓, 𩓾, 𦅓, 𮖶, 頾, 𢒷, 𩔾, 𪆦, 𡡓, 䫇, 𩓣, 頿, 䫠

Related characters

• 须 (Simplified form of 須 and 鬚 in mainland China)

Descendants

• ス (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1399, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43352
• Dae Jaweon: page 1916, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4358, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9808

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Chinese

trad.		須
simp.		须*
alternative forms		湏 ⿰⿱分巾頁 ⿰⿱分立頁 ⿰⿱分豆頁

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 須
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (須) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
盨	*sraʔ
須	*so
鬚	*so
嬃	*so
蕦	*so

Pictogram (象形) : 彡 (“hair”) + 頁 (“head”) – a head with hair on its side – beard; whiskers — original character of 鬚 (OC *so). Originally a single picture, but abstracted in the seal script into a compound.

Etymology 1

“to wait”

Schuessler (2007), reconstructing the Old Chinese as *sno, suggests that it is probably a causative derivation from 懦 (OC *njo, “weak; soft”), literally “to make (time) pliant”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sî
• Northern Min (KCR): sṳ́
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): su / si

  (Teochew, Peng'im): su¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xū
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syu
    • Wade–Giles: hsü¹
    • Yale: syū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
    • Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seoi¹
    • Yale: sēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
    • Hakka Romanization System: xi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /si²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy⁵⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
    • Tâi-lô: si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: su¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: su
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su³³/

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• Middle Chinese: sju

Rime
Character	須
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	相俞切
Baxter	sju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/sio/
Shao Rongfen	/sio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suə̆/
Li Rong	/sio/
Wang Li	/sĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seoi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]o/

  (Zhengzhang): /*so/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	須
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ sju ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]o/
English	斯須 a short time
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	須
Reading #	1/1
No.	13955
Phonetic component	須
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	須
Old Chinese	/*so/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 須

1. must; have to; should
2. (alt. form 䇓／𰩧, 𩓣) (Classical) to wait
3. (alt. form 需) (Classical) to need
4. (Classical) to halt; to bring to an end

   Template:zh-syn

5. (Classical) to use
6. short moment

   須臾／须臾  ―  xūyú  ―  in an instant

7. a surname

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 須 – see 鬚 (“beard; whisker; antenna; feeler; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 鬚).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04541
• “須”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

須

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. mandatory, necessary
2. moment, short while
3. kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit

Readings

• Go-on: す (su, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kun: すべからく (subekaraku, 須く); もちいる (mochiiru, 須いる)^{←もちゐる (motiwiru, 須ゐる, historical)}; もとめる (motomeru, 須める)
• Nanori: まつ (matsu); もち (mochi); もとむ (motomu)

Compounds

Compounds

• 須弥(しゅみ)座(ざ) (Shumi-za)
• 須達(しゅだつ) (Shudatsu)
• 須弥(しゅみ)壇(だん) (shumidan)
• 須(しゅ)菩提(ぼだい) (Shubodai), 須(す)菩提(ぼだい) (Subodai)
• 須弥(しゅみ) (Shumi)
• 須弥山(しゅみせん) (Shumi-sen), 須弥山(すみせん) (Sumi-sen)
• 須臾(しゅゆ) (shuyu)
• 須要(しゅよう) (shuyō)
• 須佐之(すさの)男(おの)命(みこと) (Susanō no Mikoto)
• 須要(すよう) (suyō)
• 必須(ひっす) (hissu), 必須(ひっしゅ) (hisshu)

Usage notes

Used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨su⟩ and ⟨zu⟩.

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Korean

Hanja

須 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 須 (tua, tu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation