바르다

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Korean

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?bareuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?baleuda
McCune–Reischauer?parŭda
Yale Romanization?paluta

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᄅᆞ다 (Yale: polota).

1447, (deprecated template usage) 석보상절 24:20
ᄒᆞᆫ 각시 아ᄎᆞᄆᆡ 粉 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ노라 ᄒᆞ야 거우룰 보거늘

Also attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᄅᆞ다 (Yale: polota).

1459, (deprecated template usage) 월인석보 18:29
香 기르ᄆᆞ로 모매 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ고

Compare dialectal forms 보리다 (borida), 볼라다 (bollada).

Verb

바르다 (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (…을 …에, …을 …으로) to hang paper; to stick paper, cloth or the like with adhesive to a surface
    벽지를 벽에 바르다
    byeokjireul byeoge bareuda
    to stick wallpaper on a wall
    한지를 바른 유리창
    hanjireul bareun yurichang
    a windowpane papered (over) with hanja
    아이들 방을 예쁜 벽지로 발랐다.
    aideul bang'eul yeppeun byeokjiro ballatda.
    I papered the children's room with pretty wallpaper.
  2. (…을 …에, …을 …으로) to cover, plaster, cement; to attach to the surface of an object dirt, plaster or some other such substance
    흙을 벽에 바르다
    heulgeul byeoge bareuda
    to plaster the wall with dirt
    벽의 구멍을 흙으로 발랐다.
    byeogui gumeong'eul heulgeuro ballatda.
    I plastered the hole in the wall with dirt.
  3. (…에 …을) to apply, spread, rub, put on; to rub water, paste, medicine, cosmetics, etc. onto a surface
    상처에 약을 바르다
    sangcheo'e yageul bareuda
    to paint a wound
    얼굴에 분을 바르다
    eolgure buneul bareuda
    to powder one's face
    입술에 립스틱을 바르다
    ipsure ripseutigeul bareuda
    to rouge one's lips
    도자기에 유약을 바르다
    dojagie yuyageul bareuda
    to glaze ceramics
    밤참으로 식빵에 버터를 발라 먹었다.
    bamchameuro sikppang'e beoteoreul balla meogeotda.
    I had some buttered bread for a midnight snack.
    머리에 기름을 발랐다.
    meorie gireumeul ballatda.
    I greased my hair.
Conjugation
Synonyms
Derived terms

Adjective

바르다 (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (obsolete) to be hardened; to be solidified
  2. (obsolete) to become stiff
Conjugation
Derived terms
  • (North Korea) 새암바르다 (saeambareuda, “to be very jealous”)
  • (North Korea) 쌈바르다 (ssambareuda, “quick-witted”)
  • (North Korea) 애바르다 (aebareuda, “to the extent that one cares too much about others”)
  • (North Korea) 익살바르다 (iksalbareuda)
  • (South Korea) 샘바르다 (saembareuda, “to be very jealous”)
  • (South Korea) 애바르다 (aebareuda, “to rush for profit”)
  • 꼼바르다 (kkombareuda, “to be narrow-minded and overly stingy”)
  • 꼼바르다 (kkombareuda, “to be narrow-minded and overly stingy”)
  • 꾀바르다 (kkoebareuda, “to have plenty of tricks to avoid or deal with difficult or embarrassing situations”)
  • 돈바르다 (donbareuda, “not generous in temper; fastidious”)
  • 돔바르다 (dombareuda, “to be very stingy”)
  • 맛바르다 (matbareuda, “a situation in which all the delicious food is gone and the amount is not enough”)
  • 싸바르다 (ssabareuda, “to seal off the outside of the opponent's stone in baduk”)
  • 악지바르다 (akjibareuda)
  • 입바르다 (ipbareuda)
  • 재재바르다 (jaejaebareuda)
  • 적바르다 (jeokbareuda, “a condition of barely reaching a certain limit and hence in an unaffordable condition”)

Etymology 2

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞ리다 (Yale: polita).

1461, (deprecated template usage) 두시언해 10:40
치위 ᄉᆞᆯᄒᆞᆯ ᄇᆞ리ᄂᆞᆫ ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞᆫ 北녁 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ미 ᄂᆞᆯ캅도다

Compare dialectal form 볼그다 (bolgeuda).

Verb

바르다 (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (…을) to peel, flay; to remove the skin, shell, or outer layer of something to get to what is inside
    밤을 바르다
    bameul bareuda
    to crack a chestnut
    씨를 바르다
    ssireul bareuda
    to remove a seed
  2. (…을) to bone, debone; to remove the meat attached to the bone; to remove fishbones
    생선을 발라 먹다
    saengseoneul balla meokda
    to eat fish after deboning it
    생선 가시를 발라서 버리다
    saengseon gasireul ballaseo beorida
    to throw away a fishbone, after deboning a fish
Alternative forms
Conjugation
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 3

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 바ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: palota).

1459, (deprecated template usage) 월인석보 :18
直ᄋᆞᆫ 바ᄅᆞᆯ 씨라

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 바ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: palota).

1481, (deprecated template usage) 능엄경언해 9:62
街ᄂᆞᆫ 바ᄅᆞᆫ 길히오 巷은 구븐 길히라

Adjective

바르다 (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. to be straight, upright, erect; without bends or curvature
    길이 바르다.
    giri bareuda.
    The road is straight.
    줄을 바르게 서다
    jureul bareuge seoda
    to line up straight
    선을 바르게 긋다
    seoneul bareuge geutda
    to draw a straight line
    옷매무새를 바르게 하다
    onmaemusaereul bareuge hada
    to adjust one's dress to become straight (without creases)
    의자에 바르게 앉아라
    uija'e bareuge anjara
    to sit in a chair straight
    장롱에 이불을 바르게 개 넣어라.
    jangnong'e ibureul bareuge gae neo'eora.
    to fold and put the bed erect in the wardrobe.
  2. to be right; to comply with the social norm in one's words or behavior
    예의가 바르다
    yeuiga bareuda
    to be polite
    생각이 바른 사람
    saenggagi bareun saram
    a person with right thinking
    마음가짐이 바르다.
    ma'eumgajimi bareuda.
    His mental attitude is right.
    행실이 바르다.
    haengsiri bareuda.
    His behavior is right.
    그는 몸가짐을 늘 바르게 한다.
    geuneun momgajimeul neul bareuge handa.
    He always behaves properly.
    그는 회사에서 가장 인사성이 바른 사람이다.
    geuneun hoesa'eseo gajang insaseong'i bareun saramida.
    He is the most polite person in the company.
  3. to be right, correct, honest, frank; to be consistent with the facts
    역사를 바르게 이해하다
    yeoksareul bareuge ihaehada
    to understand history correctly
    숨기지 말고 바르게 대답하시오.
    sumgiji malgo bareuge daedaphasio.
    Don't hide (the truth), answer honestly.
  4. right (direction)
    바른손 (bareunson, “right hand”)
    1999, “국립국어원 (Gungnipgugeowon) [The National Institute of The Korean Language]”, in (deprecated template usage) 표준국어대사전 (Pyojun'gugeodaesajeon) [Standard Korean Dictionary]:
    정답을 아는 학생은 바른 손을 들어라
    jeongdabeul aneun haksaeng'eun bareun soneul deureora
    Raise your right hand if you know the answer.
    바른손잡이 (bareunsonjabi, “right hander”)
    2017 May, 박일환, 미친 국어사전 [A Mad Korean Dictionary], PURIWA IPARI, →ISBN:
    바른손을 오른손의 뜻으로 쓰는건 왼손잡이들에 대한 차별을 담은 말이라는 주장이 오래전부터 제기됐다.
    Bareunsoneul oreunsonui tteuseuro sseuneun'geon oensonjabideure daehan chabyeoreul dameun mariraneun jujang'i oraejeonbuteo jegidwaetda.
    It has long been argued that using the right hand as the 'right hand' is a term that includes discrimination against left-handed people.
  5. to be sunshiny; to be sunny or bright
    기르던 잉꼬가 죽자 아이들은 양지가 바른 곳에 묻어 주었다.
    gireudeon ingkkoga jukja aideureun yangjiga bareun gose mudeo jueotda.
    When the parakeet died, the children buried it in a sunny place.
    (South Korea) 양지바르다yangjibareudasunny, be full of sunshine
    (North Korea) 바르다haebareudasunny, be full of sunshine
    볕바르다 (byeotbareuda)
    (dialectal) 벳바르다 (betbareuda)
    (dialectal) 양기바르다 (yanggibareuda)
Conjugation
Derived terms
Synonyms
Antonyms

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

바르다 (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (figurative) (…을) to overwhelm an opponent completely; to overpower or defeat an opponent
    난 그를 완전히 발랐어.
    nan geureul wanjeonhi ballasseo.
    I totally defeated him.
    우린 저 팀에 완전히 발렸어.
    urin jeo time wanjeonhi ballyeosseo.
    We totally got raped by that team.
Usage notes

Derived from sense in etymology 2.

Conjugation
Synonyms

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

바르다 (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (North Korea) uncommon, insufficient; rarely encountered
    1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in (deprecated template usage) 조선말대사전 (Joseonmaldaesajeon) [Dictionary of Korean language]:
    사랑채는 동향으로 앉아서 여름에는 해가 발랐다.
    Sarangchaeneun donghyang'euro anjaseo yeoreumeneun haega ballatda.
    Sarangchae sits in the east, and the sun was insufficient in the summer.
Usage notes

Perhaps cognate to etymology 1,2 and 맛바르다 (matbareuda), 적바르다 (jeokbareuda) in etymology 5.

Conjugation
Antonyms
  1. 걸다 (geolda)
    1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in (deprecated template usage) 조선말대사전 (Joseonmaldaesajeon) [Dictionary of Korean language]:
    해에 걸어 검붉은 그 얼굴에는 로력과 창조의 기쁨이 흘렀다.
    Haee georeo geombulgeun geu eolgureneun roryeokgwa changjoui gippeumi heulleotda.
    The face, bronzed by the hot sun, was flowing with joy of effort and creation.

Etymology 6

A soft word for 빠르다 (ppareuda).

Adjective

바르다 (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. fast, takes a short amount of time to do something
  2. ahead of the baseline or comparison in a chronological order
Conjugation
Derived terms
  • 바르다jaebareudato be quick in action
  • (North Korea) 바르다jaebareudain short supply, poor condition
    1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in (deprecated template usage) 조선말대사전 (Joseonmaldaesajeon) [Dictionary of Korean language]:
    재바른 살림살이에서 벗어나지 못하다.
    Jaebareun sallimsarieseo beoseonaji mothada.
    to be unable to escape from the scanty livelihood
  • (dialectal) 역바르다 (yeokbareuda)