恥
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See also: 耻
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]恥 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸十心 (SJP), four-corner 13100, composition ⿰耳心)
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10585
- Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6065
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 恥/耻 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 耻 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 恥 | |
---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *n̥ʰɯʔ) : phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ni (“red”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese နီ (ni, “red”), 怩 (OC *nil, “ashamed”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ci3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ci2
- Northern Min (KCR): chǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): tī
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chr3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
- Wade–Giles: chʻih3
- Yale: chř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
- Palladius: чи (či)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ci3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ci2
- Yale: chí
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsi2
- Guangdong Romanization: qi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ci2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ci3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: ciiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ci3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ci2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tī
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 恥 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /tʃʰz̩⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰi³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /tʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰz̩³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /tʃʰï³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰi³⁵/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰi³⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰi³⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tʰi⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tʰi³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰi²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰi⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡si²¹³/ /sun²¹³/ 訓蠢 |
- Middle Chinese: trhiX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]恥
- (literary) to humiliate; to put to shame
- shame; disgrace; humiliation
- ashamed
- Synonym: 羞愧 (xiūkuì)
Compounds
[edit]- 一雪前恥/一雪前耻 (yīxuěqiánchǐ)
- 不以為恥/不以为耻 (bùyǐwéichǐ)
- 不恥/不耻 (bùchǐ)
- 不恥下問/不耻下问 (bùchǐxiàwèn)
- 不識羞恥/不识羞耻
- 五九國恥/五九国耻
- 刷恥/刷耻
- 包羞忍恥/包羞忍耻
- 卑鄙無恥/卑鄙无耻 (bēibǐwúchǐ)
- 厚顏無恥/厚颜无耻 (hòuyánwúchǐ)
- 可恥/可耻 (kěchǐ)
- 含垢忍恥/含垢忍耻
- 國恥/国耻 (guóchǐ)
- 報仇雪恥/报仇雪耻 (bàochóuxuěchǐ)
- 奇恥大辱/奇耻大辱 (qíchǐdàrǔ)
- 寡廉鮮恥/寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ)
- 廉恥/廉耻 (liánchǐ)
- 復仇雪恥/复仇雪耻
- 忍恥偷生/忍耻偷生
- 忍恥含垢/忍耻含垢
- 忍恥含羞/忍耻含羞
- 恬不知恥/恬不知耻 (tiánbùzhīchǐ)
- 恥丘/耻丘
- 恥居人下/耻居人下
- 恥居王後/耻居王后
- 恬然不恥/恬然不耻
- 恥笑/耻笑 (chǐxiào)
- 恥與為伍/耻与为伍 (chǐyǔwéiwǔ)
- 恥辱/耻辱 (chǐrǔ)
- 恥骨/耻骨 (chǐgǔ)
- 明恥教戰/明耻教战
- 會稽之恥/会稽之耻
- 有恥/有耻
- 毀廉蔑恥/毁廉蔑耻
- 湔雪前恥/湔雪前耻 (jiānxuěqiánchǐ)
- 無恥/无耻 (wúchǐ)
- 無恥之尤/无耻之尤 (wúchǐzhīyóu)
- 瓶罄罍恥/瓶罄罍耻
- 知恥/知耻
- 禮義廉恥/礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)
- 缾罄罍恥/瓶罄罍耻
- 羞恥/羞耻 (xiūchǐ)
- 荒淫無恥/荒淫无耻 (huāngyínwúchǐ)
- 藏垢懷恥/藏垢怀耻
- 行己有恥/行己有耻
- 買妻恥樵/买妻耻樵
- 雪恥/雪耻 (xuěchǐ)
See also
[edit]- 羞 (xiū)
Japanese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Kanji
[edit]恥
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
- Kun: はじ (haji, 恥, Jōyō)←はぢ (fadi, 恥, historical); はじる (hajiru, 恥じる, Jōyō)←はぢる (fadiru, 恥ぢる, historical); はじらう (hajirau, 恥じらう, Jōyō)←はぢらふ (fadirafu, 恥ぢらふ, historical); はずかしい (hazukashii, 恥ずかしい, Jōyō)←はづかしい (fadukasii, 恥づかしい, historical)
- Nanori: はつる (hatsuru)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
恥 |
はじ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
耻 |
Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pantuy.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- shame
- 1948, Osamu Dazai, Ningen Shikkaku [No Longer Human][1]:
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]恥 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ち
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ち
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はじ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading はぢ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading は・じる
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading は・ぢる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading は・じらう
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading は・ぢらふ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading は・ずかしい
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading は・づかしい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はつる
- Japanese terms spelled with 恥 read as はじ
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