per-
Appearance
See also: Appendix:Variations of "per"
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Latin per and per-.
Prefix
[edit]per-
- (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "through", as in perforate.
- (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "thoroughly", as in perfect.
- (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "to destruction", as in pervert.
- (non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense "extremely", as in perfervid.
- (chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide.
- (chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four).
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).
Prefix
[edit]per-
Anagrams
[edit]Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Prefix
[edit]per-
- used to make superlatives of adjectives and adverbs
- perguapu
- very beautiful
- perblancu
- very white
- perbién
- very well
- perlloñe
- very far
See also
[edit]Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Back-formation from per.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]per-
- denotes that the action expressed by the root becomes a means to attain a goal
Derived terms
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]per-
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “per-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin per (“through”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]per-
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Malay per-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-.
- comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]pêr (non-active/imperative/basic per-, active memper-, passive diper-)
- causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of a transitive verb
- causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective
- imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]
- nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber-
- denominator of a fraction
Usage notes
[edit]- When this prefix is combined with the prefixes meng-, di-, ter-, and ke-, the imperative aspect is lost
- pe- is used in word with initial /r/ or word with final /-ər.C-/ in first syllable
- pel- is only used in the words ajar and unjur together with their derivatives.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “per-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *peri-. Related to per (“through”).
Prefix
[edit]per-
- Used to make adjectives or verbs that are "very" something.
- Used to form verbs that are intensive or completive, conveying the idea of doing something all the way through or entirely.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]per- (Jawi spelling ڤر)
- abstraction, place, goal, result
- Perlawanan ― Match (game)
- divided by X numeral
- Satu perdua ― One divided by two
- each, per
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Indonesian: per-
Further reading
[edit]- “per” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paR-₂”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Spanish
[edit]Prefix
[edit]per-
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “per-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Categories:
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- en:Chemistry
- English terms derived from Old French
- English unproductive prefixes
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian prefixes
- Asturian terms with usage examples
- Esperanto back-formations
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto prefixes
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French prefixes
- Hungarian terms borrowed from Latin
- Hungarian terms derived from Latin
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛr
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian prefixes
- hu:Chemistry
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian prefixes
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin lemmas
- Latin prefixes
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/ər
- Malay lemmas
- Malay prefixes
- Malay terms with usage examples
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish prefixes