sopio

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsoː.pi.oː/, [ˈsoːpioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈso.pi.o/, [ˈsɔːpio]

Verb

sōpiō (present infinitive sōpīre, perfect active sōpīvī or sōpiī, supine sōpītum); fourth conjugation

1. (transitive) to deprive of feeling
2. (transitive) to lull to sleep, put to sleep

   Synonym: sēdō

3. (transitive) to render unconscious, knock out
4. (figuratively, transitive) to kill

   Synonyms: necō, obtruncō, caedō, interficiō, trucīdō, tollō, peragō, percutiō, interimō, perimō, iugulō, cōnficiō, occīdō, ēnecō, dēiciō, absūmō, cōnsūmō

5. (figuratively, transitive) to quiet, calm, soothe

   Synonyms: domō, lēniō, sēdō, dēlēniō, mītigō, plācō, mānsuēscō, mānsuētō, mānsuēfaciō, permulceō, restinguō, commītigō, compōnō, levō, ēlevō, allevō, alleviō, sileō, molliō

   Antonyms: sollicitō, excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, efferō, exciō, perpellō, concieō, concitō, īnflammō, cieō, incendō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of sōpiō (fourth conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sōpiō		sōpīs		sōpit		sōpīmus		sōpītis		sōpiunt
	imperfect	sōpiēbam		sōpiēbās		sōpiēbat		sōpiēbāmus		sōpiēbātis		sōpiēbant
	future	sōpiam		sōpiēs		sōpiet		sōpiēmus		sōpiētis		sōpient
	perfect	sōpīvī, sōpiī		sōpīvistī, sōpiistī		sōpīvit, sōpiit		sōpīvimus, sōpiimus		sōpīvistis, sōpiistis		sōpīvērunt, sōpīvēre, sōpiērunt, sōpiēre
	pluperfect	sōpīveram, sōpieram		sōpīverās, sōpierās		sōpīverat, sōpierat		sōpīverāmus, sōpierāmus		sōpīverātis, sōpierātis		sōpīverant, sōpierant
	future perfect	sōpīverō, sōpierō		sōpīveris, sōpieris		sōpīverit, sōpierit		sōpīverimus, sōpierimus		sōpīveritis, sōpieritis		sōpīverint, sōpierint
passive	present	sōpior		sōpīris, sōpīre		sōpītur		sōpīmur		sōpīminī		sōpiuntur
	imperfect	sōpiēbar		sōpiēbāris, sōpiēbāre		sōpiēbātur		sōpiēbāmur		sōpiēbāminī		sōpiēbantur
	future	sōpiar		sōpiēris, sōpiēre		sōpiētur		sōpiēmur		sōpiēminī		sōpientur
	perfect	sōpītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	sōpītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	sōpītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sōpiam		sōpiās		sōpiat		sōpiāmus		sōpiātis		sōpiant
	imperfect	sōpīrem		sōpīrēs		sōpīret		sōpīrēmus		sōpīrētis		sōpīrent
	perfect	sōpīverim, sōpierim		sōpīverīs, sōpierīs		sōpīverit, sōpierit		sōpīverīmus, sōpierīmus		sōpīverītis, sōpierītis		sōpīverint, sōpierint
	pluperfect	sōpīvissem, sōpiissem		sōpīvissēs, sōpiissēs		sōpīvisset, sōpiisset		sōpīvissēmus, sōpiissēmus		sōpīvissētis, sōpiissētis		sōpīvissent, sōpiissent
passive	present	sōpiar		sōpiāris, sōpiāre		sōpiātur		sōpiāmur		sōpiāminī		sōpiantur
	imperfect	sōpīrer		sōpīrēris, sōpīrēre		sōpīrētur		sōpīrēmur		sōpīrēminī		sōpīrentur
	perfect	sōpītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	sōpītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		sōpī		—		—		sōpīte		—
	future	—		sōpītō		sōpītō		—		sōpītōte		sōpiuntō
passive	present	—		sōpīre		—		—		sōpīminī		—
	future	—		sōpītor		sōpītor		—		—		sōpiuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		sōpīre			sōpīrī			sōpiēns			—
future		sōpītūrum esse			sōpītum īrī			sōpītūrus			sōpiendus, sōpiundus
perfect		sōpīvisse, sōpiisse			sōpītum esse			—			sōpītus
future perfect		—			sōpītum fore			—			—
perfect potential		sōpītūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		sōpiendī		sōpiendō		sōpiendum		sōpiendō		sōpītum		sōpītū

Derived terms

• consōpiō
• resōpiō

Related terms

• somnus
• sopor

Descendants

• → Italian: sopire (learned)
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *assōpīre
  • Catalan: ensopir
  • French: assouvir, assoupir
    • → Italian: assopire

Etymology 2

Nikolaev connects the word to prosapia "race, lineage", and derives both from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂p- "strike", with semantic development "strike > have sexual intercourse > beget".

Noun

sōpiō m (genitive sōpiōnis); third declension

1. A drawing of a man with a prominent penis
   • Catullus 37

     Frontem tabernae sopionibus scribam

     I will draw pictures of penises on the front of the tavern.

   • Anonymous graffito in Pompeii

     Ut merdas edatis, qui scripseras sopionis

     You who have drawn pictures of penises, eat shit!

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	sōpiō	sōpiōnēs
genitive	sōpiōnis	sōpiōnum
dative	sōpiōnī	sōpiōnibus
accusative	sōpiōnem	sōpiōnēs
ablative	sōpiōne	sōpiōnibus
vocative	sōpiō	sōpiōnēs

References

• “sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sopio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• S. A. Handford & Mary Herberg (2003), Latin-English : English-Latin Dictionary (Berlin: Langenscheidt)
• sopio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication