抱く

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Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kun'yomi

/idaku//daku/

Shift from idaku.[1][2][3]

Compare the shift of (ibara, bramble, briar)薔薇 (bara, rose).

First cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「抱く
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
抱く [dàkú]
Imperative (命令形) 抱け [dàké]
Key constructions
Passive 抱かれる かれる [dàkárérú]
Causative 抱かせる かせる [dàkásérú]
Potential 抱ける ける [dàkérú]
Volitional 抱こう [dàkóꜜò]
Negative 抱かない かない [dàkánáí]
Negative perfective 抱かなかった かなかった [dàkánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 抱きます きま [dàkímáꜜsù]
Perfective 抱いた いた [dàítá]
Conjunctive 抱いて いて [dàíté]
Hypothetical conditional 抱けば [dàkéꜜbà]

Verb

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() (dakutransitive godan (stem () (daki), past ()いた (daita))

  1. [circa 999 — present] to embrace, hug, hold in one's arms
    Synonym: 抱擁する (hōyō suru)
    彼氏(かれし)(うし)からそっと()かれたい
    Kareshi ni ushiro kara sotto dakaretai.
    I want my boyfriend to hug me gently from behind.
  2. [1703 — present] (euphemistic) to sleep with someone
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:性交する
    ()いてね。daite ne.Hold me.
  3. to sit on eggs, to brood on a nest (said of a bird)
  4. [1008 — present] (archaic) to hold something in mind, to harbor some feeling about, to entertain a thought about
  5. [1773 — ] to involve someone in one's own actions or thoughts, particularly in negative contexts
  6. [1822 — ] (archaic) to take a gigolo as a lover (said of a woman working in a brothel as support staff)
Conjugation
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Derived terms
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Idioms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
いだ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
懐く
擁く (rare)

/udaku//idaku/

Shift from earlier udaku.[1]

This reading is possibly cited to a work from roughly 850 CE.[1] However, that citation is phonologically ambiguous, and may represent the reading udaku instead. The first unambiguous citation for the idaku reading is in the Tosa Nikki of roughly 935 CE.[1]

While there are numerous examples of mu shifting to u in various words, the mu-u-i- shift is unusual, and is shared only by mubaraubaraibara (, “bramble, briar”).[1]

Found more commonly in 和文 (wabun, texts written primarily in native Japanese vocabulary).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「抱く
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
抱く [ìdáꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 抱け [ìdáꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 抱かれる だかれ [ìdákáréꜜrù]
Causative 抱かせる だかせ [ìdákáséꜜrù]
Potential 抱ける だけ [ìdákéꜜrù]
Volitional 抱こう だこ [ìdákóꜜò]
Negative 抱かない だかない [ìdákáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 抱かなかった だかなかった [ìdákáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 抱きます だきま [ìdákímáꜜsù]
Perfective 抱いた いた [ìdáꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 抱いて いて [ìdáꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 抱けば けば [ìdáꜜkèbà]

Verb

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(いだ) (idakutransitive godan (stem (いだ) (idaki), past (いだ)いた (idaita))

  1. [maybe 850 — present] to hold something in mind, to harbor some feeling about, to entertain a thought about
    不満(ふまん)(いだ)
    fuman o idaku
    to harbor dissatisfaction
  2. [circa 935 – present] (literary) to embrace, hug, hold in one's arms
Conjugation
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Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proverbs
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
うだ
Grade: S
irregular
Alternative spelling
懐く

⟨mudaku⟩/mudaku//udaku/

Shift from Old Japanese 抱く (mudaku),[1] in turn possibly a compound of (mu, body, combining reading) +‎ 綰く (taku, to gather in the hands; to work or operate something with the hands).[1]

First cited to a text from roughly 810 CE.[1]

This reading is encountered more in the context of 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, the Japanese reading of texts written primarily in a variety of Classical Chinese), and it fell out of use in roughly the Kamakura period.[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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(うだ) (udakutransitive yodan

  1. [810 — 1200s] (obsolete) to hug, embrace
  2. [883 — 1200s] to hold something in mind, to harbor some feeling about, to entertain a thought about
Conjugation
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References

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  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
むだ
Grade: S
irregular

Probably a compound of (mu, combining form of mi2, “body) +‎ 綰く (taku, to do an action using one's hands).[1][2]

First cited in the Man'yōshū of roughly 759 CE. Not attested past the early Heian period.[1]

The Nihon Ryōiki also attests udaki (宇于伎) and udakasi■ (有太加之■).

Verb

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抱く (mudaku) (kana むだく)

  1. to hug, embrace
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 481:
      腋挾 兒乃泣 雄自毛能 負見抱見
      WAKI₁BASAMU KO₁ no₂ NAKU GO₂TO₂ NI WOTO₂KO₁zimono₂ OPI₁ MI₁ MUDAKI₁ MI₁
      I caress under those arms; every time he crys, it is like a boy; I bear with it and hug it.
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3404:
      可美都気努 安蘇能麻素武良 可伎武太伎 奴礼杼安加奴乎 安杼加我世牟
      kami₁tuke₂no₁ aso₁ no₂ maso₁mura kaki₁mudaki₁ nuredo₂ akanu wo ado₂ ka a ga semu
      I embrace those hemps at Kamitukeno Aso; although I sleep, it's not satisfactory; what should I do?
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
      抱持、上取也、牟太久
      Embrace. To take above. Mudaku.

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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Idioms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 抱く (udaku → idaku → daku)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  • Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, pages 117, 726