濫
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See also: 滥
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]濫 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14 in Chinese, 水+15 in Japanese, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水尸戈廿 (ESIT) or 水尸一廿 (ESMT), four-corner 38117, composition ⿰氵監)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 657, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18521
- Dae Jaweon: page 1067, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1766, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6FEB
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
礛 | *kraːm |
鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]trad. | 濫 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 滥 | |
2nd round simp. | 㳕 |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): laam6 / laam5
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): lâng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6le
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: làn
- Wade–Giles: lan4
- Yale: làn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
- Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /län⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laam6 / laam5
- Yale: laahm / láahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: laam6 / laam5
- Guangdong Romanization: lam6 / lam5
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːm²²/, /laːm¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: laam5 - colloquial variant (“excessive”).
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lam
- Hakka Romanization System: lam
- Hagfa Pinyim: lam4
- Sinological IPA: /lam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: lamH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːms/
Definitions
[edit]濫
- to overflow; to flood
- excessive; indiscriminate
- (Eastern Min) wet
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 下三濫/下三滥 (xiàsānlàn)
- 乞留惡濫/乞留恶滥
- 偏濫/偏滥
- 冒濫/冒滥
- 叨濫/叨滥
- 寧缺勿濫/宁缺勿滥 (níngquēwùlàn)
- 寧缺毋濫/宁缺毋滥 (nìngquēwúlàn)
- 愚濫/愚滥
- 放刁把濫/放刁把滥
- 泛濫/泛滥 (fànlàn)
- 泛濫成災/泛滥成灾 (fànlànchéngzāi)
- 浮濫/浮滥
- 淫濫/淫滥
- 濫交/滥交 (lànjiāo)
- 濫伐/滥伐
- 濫刑/滥刑 (lànxíng)
- 濫取/滥取
- 濫吃濫用/滥吃滥用
- 濫吏贓官/滥吏赃官
- 濫墾/滥垦
- 濫套/滥套
- 濫好人/滥好人 (lànhǎorén)
- 濫官污吏/滥官污吏 (lànguān-wūlì)
- 濫情/滥情 (lànqíng)
- 濫支/滥支
- 濫殺無辜/滥杀无辜 (lànshā wúgū)
- 濫汙/滥污
- 濫漫/滥漫
- 濫用/滥用 (lànyòng)
- 濫發/滥发 (lànfā)
- 濫竽/滥竽 (lànyú)
- 濫竽充數/滥竽充数 (lànyúchōngshù)
- 濫葬/滥葬
- 濫行/滥行
- 濫觴/滥觞 (lànshāng)
- 濫調/滥调 (làndiào)
- 濫貨/滥货
- 濫造/滥造
- 狂嫖濫賭/狂嫖滥赌
- 粗製濫造/粗制滥造 (cūzhìlànzào)
- 苛濫/苛滥
- 陳腔濫調/陈腔滥调 (chénqiānglàndiào)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]trad. | 濫 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 滥 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
- Wade–Giles: chien4
- Yale: jyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haam5
- Yale: háahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: haam5
- Guangdong Romanization: ham5
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːm¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: haemX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/
Definitions
[edit]濫
- † Alternative form of 監/监 (“eunuch, supervisor”)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]濫
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)←らむ (ramu, historical)
- Kan-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)←らむ (ramu, historical)
- Kun: あふれる (afureru, 濫れる); ひたす (hitasu, 濫す); みだりに (midarini, 濫りに); みだれる (midareru, 濫れる)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
濫 |
らん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 濫 (MC lamH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]
In modern Japanese, 濫 is mostly replaced by 乱, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.
Derived terms
[edit](Replaced by 乱 in modern orthography):
(Not replaced by 乱 in modern orthography):
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 濫 (MC lamH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 람〮 (Yale: lám) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 넘〯ᄯᅵᆯ 람〮 | Recorded as Middle Korean 람〮 (lám) (Yale: lám) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [남(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
- (non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾa̠m]
- Phonetic hangul: [람]
Hanja
[edit]濫 (eumhun 넘칠 람 (neomchil ram), word-initial (South Korea) 넘칠 남 (neomchil nam))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]濫: Hán Nôm readings: lạm, giậm, làm, lặm, lòm, lộm, lợm, lụm, luộm, trộm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading らむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あふ・れる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ひた・す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みだ・りに
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みだ・れる
- Japanese terms spelled with 濫 read as らん
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