聽獄

Chinese

		let; allow; listen let; allow; listen; hear; obey	prison
trad. (聽獄)		聽	獄
simp. (听狱)		听	狱

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tīngyù, tìngyù

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄥ ㄩˋ, ㄊㄧㄥˋ ㄩˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tīngyù
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥ ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tingyù
    • Wade–Giles: tʻing¹-yü⁴
    • Yale: tīng-yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tingyuh
    • Palladius: тинъюй (tinʺjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiŋ⁵⁵ y⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tìngyù
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥˋ ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tìngyù
    • Wade–Giles: tʻing⁴-yü⁴
    • Yale: tìng-yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tinqyuh
    • Palladius: тинъюй (tinʺjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: thengH ngjowk

Rime
Character	聽	獄
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	他定切	魚欲切
Baxter	thengH	ngjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰeŋH/	/ŋɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰeŋH/	/ŋiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛŋH/	/ŋiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛjŋH/	/ŋuawk̚/
Li Rong	/tʰeŋH/	/ŋiok̚/
Wang Li	/tʰieŋH/	/ŋĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰieŋH/	/ŋi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tìng	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ting3	juk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤeŋ-s  [ŋ]rok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰeːŋs  ŋoɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	聽	獄
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tìng	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ thengH ›	‹ ngjowk ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁeŋ-s/	/*[ŋ]rok/
English	listen to; obey	lawsuit; prison
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	聽	獄
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	11394	16032
Phonetic component	聖	獄
Rime group	耕	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	聽	玉
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰeːŋs/	/*ŋoɡ/

Verb

聽獄

1. (literary) to hear lawsuits

   • 余聽獄雖不能察，必以情斷之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     余听狱虽不能察，必以情断之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Yú tīngyù suī bùnéng chá, bì yǐ qíng duàn zhī. [Pinyin]

     Although I cannot examine the cases one by one when hearing lawsuits, I shall judge them according to the true states of affairs.

   • 賢者之治國者也，蚤朝晏退，聽獄治政，是以國家治而刑法正。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     贤者之治国者也，蚤朝晏退，听狱治政，是以国家治而刑法正。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version

     Xiánzhě zhī zhìguózhě yě, zǎocháoyàntuì, tīngyù zhìzhèng, shì yǐ guójiā zhì ér xíngfǎ zhèng. [Pinyin]

     When the virtuous rules the country, he starts the day early and retires late, hearing lawsuits and attending to the government. As a result, the country is well governed and laws are justly administered.

   • 天子賞罰不當，聽獄不中，天下疾病禍福，霜露不時。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天子赏罚不当，听狱不中，天下疾病祸福，霜露不时。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version

     Tiānzǐ shǎngfá bù dàng, tīngyù bù zhòng, tiānxià jíbìng huòfú, shuānglù bù shí. [Pinyin]

     When the emperor is unjust in reward and punishment and not judicious in hearing lawsuits, Heaven visits him with disease and calamities, and frost and dew will be untimely.