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U+934A, 鍊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-934A

[U+9349]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+934B]
U+F99B, 鍊
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99B

[U+F99A]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F99C]

Translingual

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Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 167, +9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金木田火 (CDWF), four-corner 85196, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1313, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40602
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4228, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+934A

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic (metal) + phonetic (OC *kreːnʔ).

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. *
nonstandard simp. 𫔀
alternative forms especially for figurative meanings

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter lenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lenH/
Pan
Wuyun
/lenH/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɛnH/
Li
Rong
/lenH/
Wang
Li
/lienH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lin6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ lenH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]ˁen-s/
English refine (metal)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6142
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡ·reːns/

Definitions

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  1. to smelt; to refine
  2. (figurative) to measure (one's words); to polish (one's wording)
  3. (figurative) to temper; to steel; to cultivate
  4. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“chain; wire; cable; chain; shack; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. to smelt (metals)
  2. to forge
  3. to refine

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): れん (ren)
  • Kun: ねる (neru, 鍊る)

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 불릴 (bullil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불릴 (bullil yeon))

  1. hanja form? of / (smelt metals, forge)
  2. hanja form? of / (refine)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: luyện, rèn, rén

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.